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| .\" Copyright 2020-2021,2022 Thomas E. Dickey * |
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| .\" $Id: curs_window.3x,v 1.28 2022/08/13 23:24:22 tom Exp $ |
| .TH curs_window 3X "" |
| .de bP |
| .ie n .IP \(bu 4 |
| .el .IP \(bu 2 |
| .. |
| .na |
| .hy 0 |
| .SH NAME |
| \fBnewwin\fP, |
| \fBdelwin\fP, |
| \fBmvwin\fP, |
| \fBsubwin\fP, |
| \fBderwin\fP, |
| \fBmvderwin\fP, |
| \fBdupwin\fP, |
| \fBwsyncup\fP, |
| \fBsyncok\fP, |
| \fBwcursyncup\fP, |
| \fBwsyncdown\fP \- create \fBcurses\fP windows |
| .ad |
| .hy |
| .SH SYNOPSIS |
| \fB#include <curses.h>\fP |
| .sp |
| \fBWINDOW *newwin(\fP |
| \fBint \fInlines\fB, int \fIncols\fB,\fR |
| \fBint \fIbegin_y\fB, int \fIbegin_x\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBint delwin(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBint mvwin(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, int \fIy\fB, int \fIx\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBWINDOW *subwin(WINDOW *\fIorig\fB,\fR |
| \fBint \fInlines\fB, int \fIncols\fB,\fR |
| \fBint \fIbegin_y\fB, int \fIbegin_x\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBWINDOW *derwin(WINDOW *\fIorig\fB,\fR |
| \fBint \fInlines\fB, int \fIncols\fB,\fR |
| \fBint \fIbegin_y\fB, int \fIbegin_x\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBint mvderwin(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, int \fIpar_y\fB, int \fIpar_x\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBWINDOW *dupwin(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBvoid wsyncup(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBint syncok(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB, bool \fIbf\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBvoid wcursyncup(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| \fBvoid wsyncdown(WINDOW *\fIwin\fB);\fR |
| .br |
| .SH DESCRIPTION |
| .SS newwin |
| Calling \fBnewwin\fP creates and returns a pointer to a new window with the |
| given number of lines and columns. |
| The upper left-hand corner of the window is |
| at |
| .RS |
| line \fIbegin\fR_\fIy\fP, |
| .br |
| column \fIbegin\fR_\fIx\fP |
| .RE |
| .PP |
| If either |
| \fInlines\fP or \fIncols\fP is zero, they default to |
| .RS |
| \fBLINES \-\fP \fIbegin\fR_\fIy\fP and |
| .br |
| \fBCOLS \-\fP \fIbegin\fR_\fIx\fP. |
| .RE |
| .PP |
| A new full-screen window is created by calling \fBnewwin(0,0,0,0)\fP. |
| .PP |
| Regardless of the function used for creating a new window |
| (e.g., \fBnewwin\fP, \fBsubwin\fP, \fBderwin\fP, \fBnewpad\fP), |
| rather than a duplicate (with \fBdupwin\fP), |
| all of the window modes are initialized to the default values. |
| These functions set window modes after a window is created: |
| .RS |
| .na |
| .PP |
| idcok, |
| idlok, |
| immedok, |
| keypad, |
| leaveok, |
| nodelay, |
| scrollok, |
| setscrreg, |
| syncok, |
| wbkgdset, |
| wbkgrndset, and |
| wtimeout |
| .RE |
| .ad |
| .SS delwin |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBdelwin\fP deletes the named window, freeing all memory |
| associated with it (it does not actually erase the window's screen |
| image). |
| Subwindows must be deleted before the main window can be deleted. |
| .SS mvwin |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBmvwin\fP moves the window so that the upper left-hand |
| corner is at position (\fIx\fP, \fIy\fP). |
| If the move would cause the window to be off the screen, |
| it is an error and the window is not moved. |
| Moving subwindows is allowed, but should be avoided. |
| .SS subwin |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBsubwin\fP creates and returns a pointer to a new window |
| with the given number of lines, \fInlines\fP, and columns, \fIncols\fP. |
| The window is at position (\fIbegin\fR_\fIy\fP, |
| \fIbegin\fR_\fIx\fP) on the screen. |
| The subwindow shares memory with the window \fIorig\fP, |
| so that changes made to one window |
| will affect both windows. |
| When using this routine, it is necessary to call |
| \fBtouchwin\fP or \fBtouchline\fP on \fIorig\fP before calling |
| \fBwrefresh\fP on the subwindow. |
| .SS derwin |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBderwin\fP is the same as calling \fBsubwin,\fP except that |
| \fIbegin\fR_\fIy\fP and \fIbegin\fR_\fIx\fP are relative to the origin |
| of the window \fIorig\fP rather than the screen. |
| There is no difference between the subwindows and the derived windows. |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBmvderwin\fP moves a derived window (or subwindow) |
| inside its parent window. |
| The screen-relative parameters of the window are not changed. |
| This routine is used to display different |
| parts of the parent window at the same physical position on the |
| screen. |
| .SS dupwin |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBdupwin\fP creates an exact duplicate of the window \fIwin\fP. |
| .SS wsyncup |
| .PP |
| Calling \fBwsyncup\fP touches all locations in ancestors of \fIwin\fP that are |
| changed in \fIwin\fP. |
| If \fBsyncok\fP is called with second argument |
| \fBTRUE\fP then \fBwsyncup\fP is called automatically whenever there is a |
| change in the window. |
| .SS wsyncdown |
| .PP |
| The \fBwsyncdown\fP routine touches each location in \fIwin\fP that has been |
| touched in any of its ancestor windows. |
| This routine is called by |
| \fBwrefresh\fP, so it should almost never be necessary to call it manually. |
| .SS wcursyncup |
| .PP |
| The routine \fBwcursyncup\fP updates the current cursor position of all the |
| ancestors of the window to reflect the current cursor position of the |
| window. |
| .SH RETURN VALUE |
| Routines that return an integer return the integer \fBERR\fP upon failure and |
| \fBOK\fP (SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than \fBERR\fP") upon |
| successful completion. |
| .PP |
| Routines that return pointers return \fBNULL\fP on error. |
| .PP |
| X/Open defines no error conditions. |
| In this implementation |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBdelwin\fP |
| returns an error if the window pointer is null, or |
| if the window is the parent of another window. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBderwin\fP |
| returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or |
| if any of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or |
| if the resulting window does not fit inside the parent window. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBdupwin\fP |
| returns an error if the window pointer is null. |
| .IP |
| This implementation also maintains a list of windows, |
| and checks that the pointer passed to \fBdelwin\fP is one that |
| it created, returning an error if it was not.. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBmvderwin\fP |
| returns an error |
| if the window pointer is null, or |
| if some part of the window would be placed off-screen. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBmvwin\fP |
| returns an error |
| if the window pointer is null, or |
| if the window is really a pad, or |
| if some part of the window would be placed off-screen. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBnewwin\fP |
| will fail if either of its beginning ordinates is negative, or |
| if either the number of lines or columns is negative. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBsyncok\fP |
| returns an error |
| if the window pointer is null. |
| .TP 5 |
| \fBsubwin\fP |
| returns an error if the parent window pointer is null, or |
| if any of its ordinates or dimensions is negative, or |
| if the resulting window does not fit inside the parent window. |
| .PP |
| The functions which return a window pointer |
| may also fail if there is insufficient memory for its data structures. |
| Any of these functions will fail if the screen has not been initialized, |
| i.e., with \fBinitscr\fP or \fBnewterm\fP. |
| .SH NOTES |
| If many small changes are made to the window, the \fBwsyncup\fP option could |
| degrade performance. |
| .PP |
| Note that \fBsyncok\fP may be a macro. |
| .SH BUGS |
| The subwindow functions (\fBsubwin\fP, \fBderwin\fP, \fBmvderwin\fP, |
| \fBwsyncup\fP, \fBwsyncdown\fP, \fBwcursyncup\fP, \fBsyncok\fP) are flaky, |
| incompletely implemented, and not well tested. |
| .PP |
| The System V curses documentation is very unclear about what \fBwsyncup\fP |
| and \fBwsyncdown\fP actually do. |
| It seems to imply that they are only |
| supposed to touch exactly those lines that are affected by ancestor changes. |
| The language here, and the behavior of the \fBcurses\fP implementation, |
| is patterned on the XPG4 curses standard. |
| The weaker XPG4 spec may result in slower updates. |
| .SH PORTABILITY |
| The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions. |
| .PP |
| X/Open Curses states regarding \fBdelwin\fP: |
| .bP |
| It must delete subwindows before deleting their parent. |
| .bP |
| If \fBdelwin\fP is asked to delete a parent window, |
| it can only succeed if the curses library keeps a list of the subwindows. |
| SVr4 curses kept a count of the number of subwindows rather than a list. |
| It simply returned \fBERR\fP when asked to delete a subwindow. |
| Solaris X/Open curses does not even make that check, |
| and will delete a parent window which still has subwindows. |
| .bP |
| Since release 4.0 (1996), ncurses maintains a list of windows for each screen, |
| to ensure that a window has no subwindows before allowing deletion. |
| .bP |
| NetBSD copied this feature of ncurses in 2003. |
| .br |
| PDCurses follows the scheme used in Solaris X/Open curses. |
| .SH SEE ALSO |
| \fBcurses\fP(3X), |
| \fBcurs_initscr\fP(3X), |
| \fBcurs_refresh\fP(3X), |
| \fBcurs_touch\fP(3X), |
| \fBcurs_variables\fP(3X) |