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<a href="/ja/" class="header-title">cpp-httplib <span style="font-size:0.75em;font-weight:normal;margin-left:4px">v0.35.0</span></a>
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<a href="&#x2F;ja&#x2F;tour&#x2F;" class="nav-section-title active">A Tour of cpp-httplib</a>
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<h1>HTTPS Server</h1>
<p>前章ではHTTPSクライアントを使いました。今度は自分でHTTPSサーバーを立ててみましょう。3章の <code>httplib::Server</code> を <code>httplib::SSLServer</code> に置き換えるだけです。</p>
<p>ただし、TLSサーバーにはサーバー証明書と秘密鍵が必要です。まずはそこから準備しましょう。</p>
<h2>自己署名証明書の作成</h2>
<p>開発やテスト用なら、自己署名証明書（いわゆるオレオレ証明書）で十分です。OpenSSLのコマンドでサクッと作れます。</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#6699cc;">openssl</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> req</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -x509 -noenc -keyout</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> key.pem</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -out</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> cert.pem</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -subj</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> /CN=localhost
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#8fa1b3;">openssl</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> req</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -x509 -noenc -keyout</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> key.pem</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -out</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> cert.pem</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -subj</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> /CN=localhost
</span></pre>
</div>
<p>これで2つのファイルができます。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><code>cert.pem</code></strong> — サーバー証明書</li>
<li><strong><code>key.pem</code></strong> — 秘密鍵</li>
</ul>
<h2>最小のHTTPSサーバー</h2>
<p>証明書ができたら、さっそくサーバーを書いてみましょう。</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> httplib::SSLServer </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">svr</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">key.pem</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> svr.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, [](</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">const auto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&amp;, </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&amp;res) {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">set_content</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Hello, HTTPS!</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">text/plain</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> });
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">Listening on https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> svr.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">listen</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;, </span><span style="color:#f99157;">8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> httplib::SSLServer </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">svr</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">key.pem</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> svr.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, [](</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">const auto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&amp;, </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&amp;res) {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">set_content</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Hello, HTTPS!</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">text/plain</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> });
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Listening on https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> svr.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">listen</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;, </span><span style="color:#d08770;">8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
</span></pre>
</div>
<p><code>httplib::SSLServer</code> のコンストラクタに証明書と秘密鍵のパスを渡すだけです。ルーティングの書き方は3章の <code>httplib::Server</code> とまったく同じですよ。</p>
<p>コンパイルして起動しましょう。</p>
<h2>動作確認</h2>
<p>サーバーが起動したら、<code>curl</code> でアクセスしてみましょう。自己署名証明書なので、<code>-k</code> オプションで証明書検証をスキップします。</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#6699cc;">curl</span><span style="color:#f2777a;"> -k</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> https://localhost:8443/
</span><span style="color:#747369;"># Hello, HTTPS!
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#8fa1b3;">curl</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -k</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> https://localhost:8443/
</span><span style="color:#a7adba;"># Hello, HTTPS!
</span></pre>
</div>
<p>ブラウザで <code>https://localhost:8443</code> を開くと、「この接続は安全ではありません」と警告が出ます。自己署名証明書なので正常です。気にせず進めてください。</p>
<h2>クライアントからの接続</h2>
<p>前章の <code>httplib::Client</code> で接続してみましょう。自己署名証明書のサーバーに接続するには、2つの方法があります。</p>
<h3>方法1: 証明書検証を無効にする</h3>
<p>開発時の手軽な方法です。</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cli</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">enable_server_certificate_verification</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(</span><span style="color:#f99157;">false</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">if </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">body </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;&lt; std::endl; </span><span style="color:#747369;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> }
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">enable_server_certificate_verification</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(</span><span style="color:#d08770;">false</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;&lt; std::endl; </span><span style="color:#a7adba;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> }
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
</span></pre>
</div>
<h3>方法2: 自己署名証明書をCA証明書として指定する</h3>
<p>こちらのほうが安全です。<code>cert.pem</code> をCA証明書として信頼するよう指定します。</p>
<div class="code-dark"><pre style="background-color:#2d2d2d;">
<span style="color:#cc99cc;">#define </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">#include </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">iostream</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">int </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">main</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">() {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#6699cc;">cli</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">set_ca_cert_path</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">auto</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#6699cc;">Get</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#99cc99;">/</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> </span><span style="color:#cc99cc;">if </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#f2777a;">body </span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">&lt;&lt; std::endl; </span><span style="color:#747369;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;"> }
</span><span style="color:#d3d0c8;">}
</span></pre>
</div><div class="code-light"><pre style="background-color:#eff1f5;">
<span style="color:#b48ead;">#define </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">httplib.h</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">#include </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">iostream</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&gt;
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#b48ead;">int </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">main</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">() {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> httplib::Client </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">cli</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">https://localhost:8443</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">set_ca_cert_path</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">cert.pem</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">auto</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> res = cli.</span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">Get</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&quot;);
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">if </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">(res) {
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> std::cout &lt;&lt; res-&gt;</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">body </span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">&lt;&lt; std::endl; </span><span style="color:#a7adba;">// Hello, HTTPS!
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;"> }
</span><span style="color:#4f5b66;">}
</span></pre>
</div>
<p>この方法なら、指定した証明書のサーバーにだけ接続を許可して、なりすましを防げます。テスト環境でもなるべくこちらを使いましょう。</p>
<h2>Server と SSLServer の比較</h2>
<p>3章で学んだ <code>httplib::Server</code> のAPIは、<code>httplib::SSLServer</code> でもそのまま使えます。違いはコンストラクタだけです。</p>
<table><thead><tr><th></th><th><code>httplib::Server</code></th><th><code>httplib::SSLServer</code></th></tr></thead><tbody>
<tr><td>コンストラクタ</td><td>引数なし</td><td>証明書と秘密鍵のパス</td></tr>
<tr><td>プロトコル</td><td>HTTP</td><td>HTTPS</td></tr>
<tr><td>ポート（慣例）</td><td>8080</td><td>8443</td></tr>
<tr><td>ルーティング</td><td>共通</td><td>共通</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>HTTPサーバーをHTTPSに切り替えるには、コンストラクタを変えるだけです。</p>
<h2>次のステップ</h2>
<p>HTTPSサーバーが動きましたね。これでHTTP/HTTPSのクライアントとサーバー、両方の基本がそろいました。</p>
<p>次は、cpp-httplibに新しく加わったWebSocket機能を見てみましょう。</p>
<p><strong>次:</strong> <a href="../08-websocket">WebSocket</a></p>
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