Recommit "[ConstraintSystem] Add helpers to deal with linear constraints."

This patch recommits "[ConstraintSystem] Add helpers to deal with linear constraints."
(it reverts the revert commit 8da6ae4ce1b686c5c13698e4c5ee937811fda6f7).

The reason for the revert was using __builtin_multiply_overflow, which
is not available for all compilers. The patch has been updated to use
MulOverflow from MathExtras.h

GitOrigin-RevId: cd4edf94cd43754954aff0ddabd704de0f8f7ac0
diff --git a/utils/convert-constraint-log-to-z3.py b/utils/convert-constraint-log-to-z3.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..77b0a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/convert-constraint-log-to-z3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""
+Helper script to convert the log generated by '-debug-only=constraint-system'
+to a Python script that uses Z3 to verify the decisions using Z3's Python API.
+
+Example usage:
+
+> cat path/to/file.log
+---
+x6 + -1 * x7 <= -1
+x6 + -1 * x7 <= -2
+sat
+
+> ./convert-constraint-log-to-z3.py path/to/file.log > check.py && python ./check.py
+
+> cat check.py
+    from z3 import *
+x3 = Int("x3")
+x1 = Int("x1")
+x2 = Int("x2")
+s = Solver()
+s.add(x1 + -1 * x2 <= 0)
+s.add(x2 + -1 * x3 <= 0)
+s.add(-1 * x1 + x3 <= -1)
+assert(s.check() == unsat)
+print('all checks passed')
+"""
+
+
+import argparse
+import re
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description='Convert constraint log to script to verify using Z3.')
+    parser.add_argument('log_file', metavar='log', type=str,
+                        help='constraint-system log file')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    content = ''
+    with open(args.log_file, 'rt') as f:
+        content = f.read()
+
+    groups = content.split('---')
+    var_re = re.compile('x\d+')
+
+    print('from z3 import *')
+    for group in groups:
+        constraints = [g.strip() for g in group.split('\n') if g.strip() != '']
+        variables = set()
+        for c in constraints[:-1]:
+            for m in var_re.finditer(c):
+                variables.add(m.group())
+        if len(variables) == 0:
+            continue
+        for v in variables:
+            print('{} = Int("{}")'.format(v, v))
+        print('s = Solver()')
+        for c in constraints[:-1]:
+            print('s.add({})'.format(c))
+        expected = constraints[-1].strip()
+        print('assert(s.check() == {})'.format(expected))
+    print('print("all checks passed")')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()