flang/lib/Semantics/check-directive-structure.h - llvm-project - Git at Google

 //===-- lib/Semantics/check-directive-structure.h ---------------*- C++ -*-===//
 //
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

 // Directive structure validity checks common to OpenMP, OpenACC and other
 // directive language.

 #ifndef FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_CHECK_DIRECTIVE_STRUCTURE_H_
 #define FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_CHECK_DIRECTIVE_STRUCTURE_H_

 #include "flang/Common/enum-set.h"
 #include "flang/Semantics/semantics.h"
 #include "flang/Semantics/tools.h"
 #include <unordered_map>

 namespace Fortran::semantics {

 template <typename C, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize> struct DirectiveClauses {
   const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowed;
   const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedOnce;
   const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedExclusive;
   const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> requiredOneOf;
 };

 // Generic branching checker for invalid branching out of OpenMP/OpenACC
 // directive.
 // typename D is the directive enumeration.
 template <typename D> class NoBranchingEnforce {
 public:
   NoBranchingEnforce(SemanticsContext &context,
       parser::CharBlock sourcePosition, D directive,
       std::string &&upperCaseDirName)
       : context_{context}, sourcePosition_{sourcePosition},
         upperCaseDirName_{std::move(upperCaseDirName)},
         currentDirective_{directive}, numDoConstruct_{0} {}
   template <typename T> bool Pre(const T &) { return true; }
   template <typename T> void Post(const T &) {}

   template <typename T> bool Pre(const parser::Statement<T> &statement) {
     currentStatementSourcePosition_ = statement.source;
     return true;
   }

   bool Pre(const parser::DoConstruct &) {
     numDoConstruct_++;
     return true;
   }
   void Post(const parser::DoConstruct &) { numDoConstruct_--; }
   void Post(const parser::ReturnStmt &) { EmitBranchOutError("RETURN"); }
   void Post(const parser::ExitStmt &exitStmt) {
     if (const auto &exitName{exitStmt.v}) {
       CheckConstructNameBranching("EXIT", exitName.value());
     } else {
       CheckConstructNameBranching("EXIT");
     }
   }
   void Post(const parser::StopStmt &) { EmitBranchOutError("STOP"); }
   void Post(const parser::CycleStmt &cycleStmt) {
     if (const auto &cycleName{cycleStmt.v}) {
       CheckConstructNameBranching("CYCLE", cycleName.value());
     } else {
       switch ((llvm::omp::Directive)currentDirective_) {
       // exclude directives which do not need a check for unlabelled CYCLES
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_do:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_simd:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_parallel_do:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_parallel_do_simd:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_do:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_do_simd:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_for:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_simd:
       case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_for_simd:
         return;
       default:
         break;
       }
       CheckConstructNameBranching("CYCLE");
     }
   }

 private:
   parser::MessageFormattedText GetEnclosingMsg() const {
     return {"Enclosing %s construct"_en_US, upperCaseDirName_};
   }

   void EmitBranchOutError(const char *stmt) const {
     context_
         .Say(currentStatementSourcePosition_,
             "%s statement is not allowed in a %s construct"_err_en_US, stmt,
             upperCaseDirName_)
         .Attach(sourcePosition_, GetEnclosingMsg());
   }

   inline void EmitUnlabelledBranchOutError(const char *stmt) {
     context_
         .Say(currentStatementSourcePosition_,
             "%s to construct outside of %s construct is not allowed"_err_en_US,
             stmt, upperCaseDirName_)
         .Attach(sourcePosition_, GetEnclosingMsg());
   }

   void EmitBranchOutErrorWithName(
       const char *stmt, const parser::Name &toName) const {
     const std::string branchingToName{toName.ToString()};
     context_
         .Say(currentStatementSourcePosition_,
             "%s to construct '%s' outside of %s construct is not allowed"_err_en_US,
             stmt, branchingToName, upperCaseDirName_)
         .Attach(sourcePosition_, GetEnclosingMsg());
   }

   // Current semantic checker is not following OpenACC/OpenMP constructs as they
   // are not Fortran constructs. Hence the ConstructStack doesn't capture
   // OpenACC/OpenMP constructs. Apply an inverse way to figure out if a
   // construct-name is branching out of an OpenACC/OpenMP construct. The control
   // flow goes out of an OpenACC/OpenMP construct, if a construct-name from
   // statement is found in ConstructStack.
   void CheckConstructNameBranching(
       const char *stmt, const parser::Name &stmtName) {
     const ConstructStack &stack{context_.constructStack()};
     for (auto iter{stack.cend()}; iter-- != stack.cbegin();) {
       const ConstructNode &construct{*iter};
       const auto &constructName{MaybeGetNodeName(construct)};
       if (constructName) {
         if (stmtName.source == constructName->source) {
           EmitBranchOutErrorWithName(stmt, stmtName);
           return;
         }
       }
     }
   }

   // Check branching for unlabelled CYCLES and EXITs
   void CheckConstructNameBranching(const char *stmt) {
     // found an enclosing looping construct for the unlabelled EXIT/CYCLE
     if (numDoConstruct_ > 0) {
       return;
     }
     // did not found an enclosing looping construct within the OpenMP/OpenACC
     // directive
     EmitUnlabelledBranchOutError(stmt);
     return;
   }

   SemanticsContext &context_;
   parser::CharBlock currentStatementSourcePosition_;
   parser::CharBlock sourcePosition_;
   std::string upperCaseDirName_;
   D currentDirective_;
   int numDoConstruct_; // tracks number of DoConstruct found AFTER encountering
                        // an OpenMP/OpenACC directive
 };

 // Generic structure checker for directives/clauses language such as OpenMP
 // and OpenACC.
 // typename D is the directive enumeration.
 // tyepname C is the clause enumeration.
 // typename PC is the parser class defined in parse-tree.h for the clauses.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 class DirectiveStructureChecker : public virtual BaseChecker {
 protected:
   DirectiveStructureChecker(SemanticsContext &context,
       std::unordered_map<D, DirectiveClauses<C, ClauseEnumSize>>
           directiveClausesMap)
       : context_{context}, directiveClausesMap_(directiveClausesMap) {}
   virtual ~DirectiveStructureChecker() {}

   using ClauseMapTy = std::multimap<C, const PC *>;
   struct DirectiveContext {
     DirectiveContext(parser::CharBlock source, D d)
         : directiveSource{source}, directive{d} {}

     parser::CharBlock directiveSource{nullptr};
     parser::CharBlock clauseSource{nullptr};
     D directive;
     common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedClauses{};
     common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedOnceClauses{};
     common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedExclusiveClauses{};
     common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> requiredClauses{};

     const PC *clause{nullptr};
     ClauseMapTy clauseInfo;
     std::list<C> actualClauses;
     Symbol *loopIV{nullptr};
   };

   void SetLoopIv(Symbol *symbol) { GetContext().loopIV = symbol; }

   // back() is the top of the stack
   DirectiveContext &GetContext() {
     CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
     return dirContext_.back();
   }

   DirectiveContext &GetContextParent() {
     CHECK(dirContext_.size() >= 2);
     return dirContext_[dirContext_.size() - 2];
   }

   void SetContextClause(const PC &clause) {
     GetContext().clauseSource = clause.source;
     GetContext().clause = &clause;
   }

   void ResetPartialContext(const parser::CharBlock &source) {
     CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
     SetContextDirectiveSource(source);
     GetContext().allowedClauses = {};
     GetContext().allowedOnceClauses = {};
     GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses = {};
     GetContext().requiredClauses = {};
     GetContext().clauseInfo = {};
     GetContext().loopIV = {nullptr};
   }

   void SetContextDirectiveSource(const parser::CharBlock &directive) {
     GetContext().directiveSource = directive;
   }

   void SetContextDirectiveEnum(D dir) { GetContext().directive = dir; }

   void SetContextAllowed(const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &allowed) {
     GetContext().allowedClauses = allowed;
   }

   void SetContextAllowedOnce(
       const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &allowedOnce) {
     GetContext().allowedOnceClauses = allowedOnce;
   }

   void SetContextAllowedExclusive(
       const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &allowedExclusive) {
     GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses = allowedExclusive;
   }

   void SetContextRequired(const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &required) {
     GetContext().requiredClauses = required;
   }

   void SetContextClauseInfo(C type) {
     GetContext().clauseInfo.emplace(type, GetContext().clause);
   }

   void AddClauseToCrtContext(C type) {
     GetContext().actualClauses.push_back(type);
   }

   // Check if the given clause is present in the current context
   const PC *FindClause(C type) {
     auto it{GetContext().clauseInfo.find(type)};
     if (it != GetContext().clauseInfo.end()) {
       return it->second;
     }
     return nullptr;
   }

   // Check if the given clause is present in the parent context
   const PC *FindClauseParent(C type) {
     auto it{GetContextParent().clauseInfo.find(type)};
     if (it != GetContextParent().clauseInfo.end()) {
       return it->second;
     }
     return nullptr;
   }

   std::pair<typename ClauseMapTy::iterator, typename ClauseMapTy::iterator>
   FindClauses(C type) {
     auto it{GetContext().clauseInfo.equal_range(type)};
     return it;
   }

   DirectiveContext *GetEnclosingDirContext() {
     CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
     auto it{dirContext_.rbegin()};
     if (++it != dirContext_.rend()) {
       return &(*it);
     }
     return nullptr;
   }

   void PushContext(const parser::CharBlock &source, D dir) {
     dirContext_.emplace_back(source, dir);
   }

   DirectiveContext *GetEnclosingContextWithDir(D dir) {
     CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
     auto it{dirContext_.rbegin()};
     while (++it != dirContext_.rend()) {
       if (it->directive == dir) {
         return &(*it);
       }
     }
     return nullptr;
   }

   bool CurrentDirectiveIsNested() { return dirContext_.size() > 1; };

   void SetClauseSets(D dir) {
     dirContext_.back().allowedClauses = directiveClausesMap_[dir].allowed;
     dirContext_.back().allowedOnceClauses =
         directiveClausesMap_[dir].allowedOnce;
     dirContext_.back().allowedExclusiveClauses =
         directiveClausesMap_[dir].allowedExclusive;
     dirContext_.back().requiredClauses =
         directiveClausesMap_[dir].requiredOneOf;
   }
   void PushContextAndClauseSets(const parser::CharBlock &source, D dir) {
     PushContext(source, dir);
     SetClauseSets(dir);
   }

   void SayNotMatching(const parser::CharBlock &, const parser::CharBlock &);

   template <typename B> void CheckMatching(const B &beginDir, const B &endDir) {
     const auto &begin{beginDir.v};
     const auto &end{endDir.v};
     if (begin != end) {
       SayNotMatching(beginDir.source, endDir.source);
     }
   }
   // Check illegal branching out of `Parser::Block` for `Parser::Name` based
   // nodes (example `Parser::ExitStmt`)
   void CheckNoBranching(const parser::Block &block, D directive,
       const parser::CharBlock &directiveSource);

   // Check that only clauses in set are after the specific clauses.
   void CheckOnlyAllowedAfter(C clause, common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set);

   void CheckRequireAtLeastOneOf();

   void CheckAllowed(C clause);

   void CheckAtLeastOneClause();

   void CheckNotAllowedIfClause(
       C clause, common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set);

   std::string ContextDirectiveAsFortran();

   void RequiresConstantPositiveParameter(
       const C &clause, const parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr &i);

   void RequiresPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
       const parser::ScalarIntExpr &i, llvm::StringRef paramName = "parameter");

   void OptionalConstantPositiveParameter(
       const C &clause, const std::optional<parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr> &o);

   virtual llvm::StringRef getClauseName(C clause) { return ""; };

   virtual llvm::StringRef getDirectiveName(D directive) { return ""; };

   SemanticsContext &context_;
   std::vector<DirectiveContext> dirContext_; // used as a stack
   std::unordered_map<D, DirectiveClauses<C, ClauseEnumSize>>
       directiveClausesMap_;

   std::string ClauseSetToString(const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set);
 };

 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::CheckNoBranching(
     const parser::Block &block, D directive,
     const parser::CharBlock &directiveSource) {
   NoBranchingEnforce<D> noBranchingEnforce{
       context_, directiveSource, directive, ContextDirectiveAsFortran()};
   parser::Walk(block, noBranchingEnforce);
 }

 // Check that only clauses included in the given set are present after the given
 // clause.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::CheckOnlyAllowedAfter(
     C clause, common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set) {
   bool enforceCheck = false;
   for (auto cl : GetContext().actualClauses) {
     if (cl == clause) {
       enforceCheck = true;
       continue;
     } else if (enforceCheck && !set.test(cl)) {
       auto parserClause = GetContext().clauseInfo.find(cl);
       context_.Say(parserClause->second->source,
           "Clause %s is not allowed after clause %s on the %s "
           "directive"_err_en_US,
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(cl).str()),
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
           ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
     }
   }
 }

 // Check that at least one clause is attached to the directive.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::CheckAtLeastOneClause() {
   if (GetContext().actualClauses.empty()) {
     context_.Say(GetContext().directiveSource,
         "At least one clause is required on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
         ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
   }
 }

 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 std::string
 DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::ClauseSetToString(
     const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set) {
   std::string list;
   set.IterateOverMembers([&](C o) {
     if (!list.empty())
       list.append(", ");
     list.append(parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(o).str()));
   });
   return list;
 }

 // Check that at least one clause in the required set is present on the
 // directive.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::CheckRequireAtLeastOneOf() {
   if (GetContext().requiredClauses.empty())
     return;
   for (auto cl : GetContext().actualClauses) {
     if (GetContext().requiredClauses.test(cl))
       return;
   }
   // No clause matched in the actual clauses list
   context_.Say(GetContext().directiveSource,
       "At least one of %s clause must appear on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
       ClauseSetToString(GetContext().requiredClauses),
       ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
 }

 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 std::string DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::ContextDirectiveAsFortran() {
   return parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(
       getDirectiveName(GetContext().directive).str());
 }

 // Check that clauses present on the directive are allowed clauses.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::CheckAllowed(
     C clause) {
   if (!GetContext().allowedClauses.test(clause) &&
       !GetContext().allowedOnceClauses.test(clause) &&
       !GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.test(clause) &&
       !GetContext().requiredClauses.test(clause)) {
     context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
         "%s clause is not allowed on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
         parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
         parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(GetContext().directiveSource.ToString()));
     return;
   }
   if ((GetContext().allowedOnceClauses.test(clause) ||
           GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.test(clause)) &&
       FindClause(clause)) {
     context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
         "At most one %s clause can appear on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
         parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
         parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(GetContext().directiveSource.ToString()));
     return;
   }
   if (GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.test(clause)) {
     std::vector<C> others;
     GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.IterateOverMembers([&](C o) {
       if (FindClause(o)) {
         others.emplace_back(o);
       }
     });
     for (const auto &e : others) {
       context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
           "%s and %s clauses are mutually exclusive and may not appear on the "
           "same %s directive"_err_en_US,
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(e).str()),
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(GetContext().directiveSource.ToString()));
     }
     if (!others.empty()) {
       return;
     }
   }
   SetContextClauseInfo(clause);
   AddClauseToCrtContext(clause);
 }

 // Enforce restriction where clauses in the given set are not allowed if the
 // given clause appears.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::CheckNotAllowedIfClause(C clause,
     common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set) {
   if (std::find(GetContext().actualClauses.begin(),
           GetContext().actualClauses.end(),
           clause) == GetContext().actualClauses.end()) {
     return; // Clause is not present
   }

   for (auto cl : GetContext().actualClauses) {
     if (set.test(cl)) {
       context_.Say(GetContext().directiveSource,
           "Clause %s is not allowed if clause %s appears on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(cl).str()),
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
           ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
     }
   }
 }

 // Check the value of the clause is a constant positive integer.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::RequiresConstantPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
     const parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr &i) {
   if (const auto v{GetIntValue(i)}) {
     if (*v <= 0) {
       context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
           "The parameter of the %s clause must be "
           "a constant positive integer expression"_err_en_US,
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()));
     }
   }
 }

 // Check the value of the clause is a constant positive parameter.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::OptionalConstantPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
     const std::optional<parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr> &o) {
   if (o != std::nullopt) {
     RequiresConstantPositiveParameter(clause, o.value());
   }
 }

 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::SayNotMatching(
     const parser::CharBlock &beginSource, const parser::CharBlock &endSource) {
   context_
       .Say(endSource, "Unmatched %s directive"_err_en_US,
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(endSource.ToString()))
       .Attach(beginSource, "Does not match directive"_en_US);
 }

 // Check the value of the clause is a positive parameter.
 template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
 void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
     ClauseEnumSize>::RequiresPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
     const parser::ScalarIntExpr &i, llvm::StringRef paramName) {
   if (const auto v{GetIntValue(i)}) {
     if (*v <= 0) {
       context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
           "The %s of the %s clause must be "
           "a positive integer expression"_err_en_US,
           paramName.str(),
           parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()));
     }
   }
 }

 } // namespace Fortran::semantics

 #endif // FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_CHECK_DIRECTIVE_STRUCTURE_H_
	//===-- lib/Semantics/check-directive-structure.h ---------------- C++ --===//
	//
	// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
	// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
	// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
	//
	//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

	// Directive structure validity checks common to OpenMP, OpenACC and other
	// directive language.

	#ifndef FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_CHECK_DIRECTIVE_STRUCTURE_H_
	#define FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_CHECK_DIRECTIVE_STRUCTURE_H_

	#include "flang/Common/enum-set.h"
	#include "flang/Semantics/semantics.h"
	#include "flang/Semantics/tools.h"
	#include <unordered_map>

	namespace Fortran::semantics {

	template <typename C, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize> struct DirectiveClauses {
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowed;
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedOnce;
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedExclusive;
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> requiredOneOf;
	};

	// Generic branching checker for invalid branching out of OpenMP/OpenACC
	// directive.
	// typename D is the directive enumeration.
	template <typename D> class NoBranchingEnforce {
	public:
	NoBranchingEnforce(SemanticsContext &context,
	parser::CharBlock sourcePosition, D directive,
	std::string &&upperCaseDirName)
	: context_{context}, sourcePosition_{sourcePosition},
	upperCaseDirName_{std::move(upperCaseDirName)},
	currentDirective_{directive}, numDoConstruct_{0} {}
	template <typename T> bool Pre(const T &) { return true; }
	template <typename T> void Post(const T &) {}

	template <typename T> bool Pre(const parser::Statement<T> &statement) {
	currentStatementSourcePosition_ = statement.source;
	return true;
	}

	bool Pre(const parser::DoConstruct &) {
	numDoConstruct_++;
	return true;
	}
	void Post(const parser::DoConstruct &) { numDoConstruct_--; }
	void Post(const parser::ReturnStmt &) { EmitBranchOutError("RETURN"); }
	void Post(const parser::ExitStmt &exitStmt) {
	if (const auto &exitName{exitStmt.v}) {
	CheckConstructNameBranching("EXIT", exitName.value());
	} else {
	CheckConstructNameBranching("EXIT");
	}
	}
	void Post(const parser::StopStmt &) { EmitBranchOutError("STOP"); }
	void Post(const parser::CycleStmt &cycleStmt) {
	if (const auto &cycleName{cycleStmt.v}) {
	CheckConstructNameBranching("CYCLE", cycleName.value());
	} else {
	switch ((llvm::omp::Directive)currentDirective_) {
	// exclude directives which do not need a check for unlabelled CYCLES
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_do:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_simd:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_parallel_do:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_parallel_do_simd:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_do:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_do_simd:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_for:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_simd:
	case llvm::omp::Directive::OMPD_distribute_parallel_for_simd:
	return;
	default:
	break;
	}
	CheckConstructNameBranching("CYCLE");
	}
	}

	private:
	parser::MessageFormattedText GetEnclosingMsg() const {
	return {"Enclosing %s construct"_en_US, upperCaseDirName_};
	}

	void EmitBranchOutError(const char *stmt) const {
	context_
	.Say(currentStatementSourcePosition_,
	"%s statement is not allowed in a %s construct"_err_en_US, stmt,
	upperCaseDirName_)
	.Attach(sourcePosition_, GetEnclosingMsg());
	}

	inline void EmitUnlabelledBranchOutError(const char *stmt) {
	context_
	.Say(currentStatementSourcePosition_,
	"%s to construct outside of %s construct is not allowed"_err_en_US,
	stmt, upperCaseDirName_)
	.Attach(sourcePosition_, GetEnclosingMsg());
	}

	void EmitBranchOutErrorWithName(
	const char *stmt, const parser::Name &toName) const {
	const std::string branchingToName{toName.ToString()};
	context_
	.Say(currentStatementSourcePosition_,
	"%s to construct '%s' outside of %s construct is not allowed"_err_en_US,
	stmt, branchingToName, upperCaseDirName_)
	.Attach(sourcePosition_, GetEnclosingMsg());
	}

	// Current semantic checker is not following OpenACC/OpenMP constructs as they
	// are not Fortran constructs. Hence the ConstructStack doesn't capture
	// OpenACC/OpenMP constructs. Apply an inverse way to figure out if a
	// construct-name is branching out of an OpenACC/OpenMP construct. The control
	// flow goes out of an OpenACC/OpenMP construct, if a construct-name from
	// statement is found in ConstructStack.
	void CheckConstructNameBranching(
	const char *stmt, const parser::Name &stmtName) {
	const ConstructStack &stack{context_.constructStack()};
	for (auto iter{stack.cend()}; iter-- != stack.cbegin();) {
	const ConstructNode &construct{*iter};
	const auto &constructName{MaybeGetNodeName(construct)};
	if (constructName) {
	if (stmtName.source == constructName->source) {
	EmitBranchOutErrorWithName(stmt, stmtName);
	return;
	}
	}
	}
	}

	// Check branching for unlabelled CYCLES and EXITs
	void CheckConstructNameBranching(const char *stmt) {
	// found an enclosing looping construct for the unlabelled EXIT/CYCLE
	if (numDoConstruct_ > 0) {
	return;
	}
	// did not found an enclosing looping construct within the OpenMP/OpenACC
	// directive
	EmitUnlabelledBranchOutError(stmt);
	return;
	}

	SemanticsContext &context_;
	parser::CharBlock currentStatementSourcePosition_;
	parser::CharBlock sourcePosition_;
	std::string upperCaseDirName_;
	D currentDirective_;
	int numDoConstruct_; // tracks number of DoConstruct found AFTER encountering
	// an OpenMP/OpenACC directive
	};

	// Generic structure checker for directives/clauses language such as OpenMP
	// and OpenACC.
	// typename D is the directive enumeration.
	// tyepname C is the clause enumeration.
	// typename PC is the parser class defined in parse-tree.h for the clauses.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	class DirectiveStructureChecker : public virtual BaseChecker {
	protected:
	DirectiveStructureChecker(SemanticsContext &context,
	std::unordered_map<D, DirectiveClauses<C, ClauseEnumSize>>
	directiveClausesMap)
	: context_{context}, directiveClausesMap_(directiveClausesMap) {}
	virtual ~DirectiveStructureChecker() {}

	using ClauseMapTy = std::multimap<C, const PC *>;
	struct DirectiveContext {
	DirectiveContext(parser::CharBlock source, D d)
	: directiveSource{source}, directive{d} {}

	parser::CharBlock directiveSource{nullptr};
	parser::CharBlock clauseSource{nullptr};
	D directive;
	common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedClauses{};
	common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedOnceClauses{};
	common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> allowedExclusiveClauses{};
	common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> requiredClauses{};

	const PC *clause{nullptr};
	ClauseMapTy clauseInfo;
	std::list<C> actualClauses;
	Symbol *loopIV{nullptr};
	};

	void SetLoopIv(Symbol *symbol) { GetContext().loopIV = symbol; }

	// back() is the top of the stack
	DirectiveContext &GetContext() {
	CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
	return dirContext_.back();
	}

	DirectiveContext &GetContextParent() {
	CHECK(dirContext_.size() >= 2);
	return dirContext_[dirContext_.size() - 2];
	}

	void SetContextClause(const PC &clause) {
	GetContext().clauseSource = clause.source;
	GetContext().clause = &clause;
	}

	void ResetPartialContext(const parser::CharBlock &source) {
	CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
	SetContextDirectiveSource(source);
	GetContext().allowedClauses = {};
	GetContext().allowedOnceClauses = {};
	GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses = {};
	GetContext().requiredClauses = {};
	GetContext().clauseInfo = {};
	GetContext().loopIV = {nullptr};
	}

	void SetContextDirectiveSource(const parser::CharBlock &directive) {
	GetContext().directiveSource = directive;
	}

	void SetContextDirectiveEnum(D dir) { GetContext().directive = dir; }

	void SetContextAllowed(const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &allowed) {
	GetContext().allowedClauses = allowed;
	}

	void SetContextAllowedOnce(
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &allowedOnce) {
	GetContext().allowedOnceClauses = allowedOnce;
	}

	void SetContextAllowedExclusive(
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &allowedExclusive) {
	GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses = allowedExclusive;
	}

	void SetContextRequired(const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> &required) {
	GetContext().requiredClauses = required;
	}

	void SetContextClauseInfo(C type) {
	GetContext().clauseInfo.emplace(type, GetContext().clause);
	}

	void AddClauseToCrtContext(C type) {
	GetContext().actualClauses.push_back(type);
	}

	// Check if the given clause is present in the current context
	const PC *FindClause(C type) {
	auto it{GetContext().clauseInfo.find(type)};
	if (it != GetContext().clauseInfo.end()) {
	return it->second;
	}
	return nullptr;
	}

	// Check if the given clause is present in the parent context
	const PC *FindClauseParent(C type) {
	auto it{GetContextParent().clauseInfo.find(type)};
	if (it != GetContextParent().clauseInfo.end()) {
	return it->second;
	}
	return nullptr;
	}

	std::pair<typename ClauseMapTy::iterator, typename ClauseMapTy::iterator>
	FindClauses(C type) {
	auto it{GetContext().clauseInfo.equal_range(type)};
	return it;
	}

	DirectiveContext *GetEnclosingDirContext() {
	CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
	auto it{dirContext_.rbegin()};
	if (++it != dirContext_.rend()) {
	return &(*it);
	}
	return nullptr;
	}

	void PushContext(const parser::CharBlock &source, D dir) {
	dirContext_.emplace_back(source, dir);
	}

	DirectiveContext *GetEnclosingContextWithDir(D dir) {
	CHECK(!dirContext_.empty());
	auto it{dirContext_.rbegin()};
	while (++it != dirContext_.rend()) {
	if (it->directive == dir) {
	return &(*it);
	}
	}
	return nullptr;
	}

	bool CurrentDirectiveIsNested() { return dirContext_.size() > 1; };

	void SetClauseSets(D dir) {
	dirContext_.back().allowedClauses = directiveClausesMap_[dir].allowed;
	dirContext_.back().allowedOnceClauses =
	directiveClausesMap_[dir].allowedOnce;
	dirContext_.back().allowedExclusiveClauses =
	directiveClausesMap_[dir].allowedExclusive;
	dirContext_.back().requiredClauses =
	directiveClausesMap_[dir].requiredOneOf;
	}
	void PushContextAndClauseSets(const parser::CharBlock &source, D dir) {
	PushContext(source, dir);
	SetClauseSets(dir);
	}

	void SayNotMatching(const parser::CharBlock &, const parser::CharBlock &);

	template <typename B> void CheckMatching(const B &beginDir, const B &endDir) {
	const auto &begin{beginDir.v};
	const auto &end{endDir.v};
	if (begin != end) {
	SayNotMatching(beginDir.source, endDir.source);
	}
	}
	// Check illegal branching out of `Parser::Block` for `Parser::Name` based
	// nodes (example `Parser::ExitStmt`)
	void CheckNoBranching(const parser::Block &block, D directive,
	const parser::CharBlock &directiveSource);

	// Check that only clauses in set are after the specific clauses.
	void CheckOnlyAllowedAfter(C clause, common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set);

	void CheckRequireAtLeastOneOf();

	void CheckAllowed(C clause);

	void CheckAtLeastOneClause();

	void CheckNotAllowedIfClause(
	C clause, common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set);

	std::string ContextDirectiveAsFortran();

	void RequiresConstantPositiveParameter(
	const C &clause, const parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr &i);

	void RequiresPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
	const parser::ScalarIntExpr &i, llvm::StringRef paramName = "parameter");

	void OptionalConstantPositiveParameter(
	const C &clause, const std::optional<parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr> &o);

	virtual llvm::StringRef getClauseName(C clause) { return ""; };

	virtual llvm::StringRef getDirectiveName(D directive) { return ""; };

	SemanticsContext &context_;
	std::vector<DirectiveContext> dirContext_; // used as a stack
	std::unordered_map<D, DirectiveClauses<C, ClauseEnumSize>>
	directiveClausesMap_;

	std::string ClauseSetToString(const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set);
	};

	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::CheckNoBranching(
	const parser::Block &block, D directive,
	const parser::CharBlock &directiveSource) {
	NoBranchingEnforce<D> noBranchingEnforce{
	context_, directiveSource, directive, ContextDirectiveAsFortran()};
	parser::Walk(block, noBranchingEnforce);
	}

	// Check that only clauses included in the given set are present after the given
	// clause.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::CheckOnlyAllowedAfter(
	C clause, common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set) {
	bool enforceCheck = false;
	for (auto cl : GetContext().actualClauses) {
	if (cl == clause) {
	enforceCheck = true;
	continue;
	} else if (enforceCheck && !set.test(cl)) {
	auto parserClause = GetContext().clauseInfo.find(cl);
	context_.Say(parserClause->second->source,
	"Clause %s is not allowed after clause %s on the %s "
	"directive"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(cl).str()),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
	ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
	}
	}
	}

	// Check that at least one clause is attached to the directive.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::CheckAtLeastOneClause() {
	if (GetContext().actualClauses.empty()) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().directiveSource,
	"At least one clause is required on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
	ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
	}
	}

	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	std::string
	DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::ClauseSetToString(
	const common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set) {
	std::string list;
	set.IterateOverMembers([&](C o) {
	if (!list.empty())
	list.append(", ");
	list.append(parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(o).str()));
	});
	return list;
	}

	// Check that at least one clause in the required set is present on the
	// directive.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::CheckRequireAtLeastOneOf() {
	if (GetContext().requiredClauses.empty())
	return;
	for (auto cl : GetContext().actualClauses) {
	if (GetContext().requiredClauses.test(cl))
	return;
	}
	// No clause matched in the actual clauses list
	context_.Say(GetContext().directiveSource,
	"At least one of %s clause must appear on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
	ClauseSetToString(GetContext().requiredClauses),
	ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
	}

	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	std::string DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::ContextDirectiveAsFortran() {
	return parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(
	getDirectiveName(GetContext().directive).str());
	}

	// Check that clauses present on the directive are allowed clauses.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::CheckAllowed(
	C clause) {
	if (!GetContext().allowedClauses.test(clause) &&
	!GetContext().allowedOnceClauses.test(clause) &&
	!GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.test(clause) &&
	!GetContext().requiredClauses.test(clause)) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
	"%s clause is not allowed on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(GetContext().directiveSource.ToString()));
	return;
	}
	if ((GetContext().allowedOnceClauses.test(clause) \|\|
	GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.test(clause)) &&
	FindClause(clause)) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
	"At most one %s clause can appear on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(GetContext().directiveSource.ToString()));
	return;
	}
	if (GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.test(clause)) {
	std::vector<C> others;
	GetContext().allowedExclusiveClauses.IterateOverMembers([&](C o) {
	if (FindClause(o)) {
	others.emplace_back(o);
	}
	});
	for (const auto &e : others) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
	"%s and %s clauses are mutually exclusive and may not appear on the "
	"same %s directive"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(e).str()),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(GetContext().directiveSource.ToString()));
	}
	if (!others.empty()) {
	return;
	}
	}
	SetContextClauseInfo(clause);
	AddClauseToCrtContext(clause);
	}

	// Enforce restriction where clauses in the given set are not allowed if the
	// given clause appears.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::CheckNotAllowedIfClause(C clause,
	common::EnumSet<C, ClauseEnumSize> set) {
	if (std::find(GetContext().actualClauses.begin(),
	GetContext().actualClauses.end(),
	clause) == GetContext().actualClauses.end()) {
	return; // Clause is not present
	}

	for (auto cl : GetContext().actualClauses) {
	if (set.test(cl)) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().directiveSource,
	"Clause %s is not allowed if clause %s appears on the %s directive"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(cl).str()),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()),
	ContextDirectiveAsFortran());
	}
	}
	}

	// Check the value of the clause is a constant positive integer.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::RequiresConstantPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
	const parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr &i) {
	if (const auto v{GetIntValue(i)}) {
	if (*v <= 0) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
	"The parameter of the %s clause must be "
	"a constant positive integer expression"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()));
	}
	}
	}

	// Check the value of the clause is a constant positive parameter.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::OptionalConstantPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
	const std::optional<parser::ScalarIntConstantExpr> &o) {
	if (o != std::nullopt) {
	RequiresConstantPositiveParameter(clause, o.value());
	}
	}

	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC, ClauseEnumSize>::SayNotMatching(
	const parser::CharBlock &beginSource, const parser::CharBlock &endSource) {
	context_
	.Say(endSource, "Unmatched %s directive"_err_en_US,
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(endSource.ToString()))
	.Attach(beginSource, "Does not match directive"_en_US);
	}

	// Check the value of the clause is a positive parameter.
	template <typename D, typename C, typename PC, std::size_t ClauseEnumSize>
	void DirectiveStructureChecker<D, C, PC,
	ClauseEnumSize>::RequiresPositiveParameter(const C &clause,
	const parser::ScalarIntExpr &i, llvm::StringRef paramName) {
	if (const auto v{GetIntValue(i)}) {
	if (*v <= 0) {
	context_.Say(GetContext().clauseSource,
	"The %s of the %s clause must be "
	"a positive integer expression"_err_en_US,
	paramName.str(),
	parser::ToUpperCaseLetters(getClauseName(clause).str()));
	}
	}
	}

	} // namespace Fortran::semantics

	#endif // FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_CHECK_DIRECTIVE_STRUCTURE_H_