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llvm / llvm-project / c5c2570d09de1a78f45a3a03a3167c35b05eae6e / . / llvm / lib / Support / rpmalloc / rpmalloc.c
blob: 6f8b29e31e8ca72f6dbe8ff2d7ce372a00e1dae1 [file] [log] [blame]
//===---------------------- rpmalloc.c ------------------*- C -*-=============//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This library provides a cross-platform lock free thread caching malloc
// implementation in C11.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "rpmalloc.h"
////////////
///
/// Build time configurable limits
///
//////
#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-macros"
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
#if __has_warning("-Wreserved-identifier")
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreserved-identifier"
#endif
#if __has_warning("-Wstatic-in-inline")
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wstatic-in-inline"
#endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-macros"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
#endif
#if !defined(__has_builtin)
#define __has_builtin(b) 0
#endif
#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#if __has_builtin(__builtin_memcpy_inline)
#define _rpmalloc_memcpy_const(x, y, s) __builtin_memcpy_inline(x, y, s)
#else
#define _rpmalloc_memcpy_const(x, y, s) \
do { \
_Static_assert(__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(s), 1, 0), \
"len must be a constant integer"); \
memcpy(x, y, s); \
} while (0)
#endif
#if __has_builtin(__builtin_memset_inline)
#define _rpmalloc_memset_const(x, y, s) __builtin_memset_inline(x, y, s)
#else
#define _rpmalloc_memset_const(x, y, s) \
do { \
_Static_assert(__builtin_choose_expr(__builtin_constant_p(s), 1, 0), \
"len must be a constant integer"); \
memset(x, y, s); \
} while (0)
#endif
#else
#define _rpmalloc_memcpy_const(x, y, s) memcpy(x, y, s)
#define _rpmalloc_memset_const(x, y, s) memset(x, y, s)
#endif
#if __has_builtin(__builtin_assume)
#define rpmalloc_assume(cond) __builtin_assume(cond)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#define rpmalloc_assume(cond) \
do { \
if (!__builtin_expect(cond, 0)) \
__builtin_unreachable(); \
} while (0)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define rpmalloc_assume(cond) __assume(cond)
#else
#define rpmalloc_assume(cond) 0
#endif
#ifndef HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE
//! Size of heap hashmap
#define HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE 47
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
//! Enable per-thread cache
#define ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE 1
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
//! Enable global cache shared between all threads, requires thread cache
#define ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE 1
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
//! Enable validation of args to public entry points
#define ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS 0
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_STATISTICS
//! Enable statistics collection
#define ENABLE_STATISTICS 0
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_ASSERTS
//! Enable asserts
#define ENABLE_ASSERTS 0
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_OVERRIDE
//! Override standard library malloc/free and new/delete entry points
#define ENABLE_OVERRIDE 0
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_PRELOAD
//! Support preloading
#define ENABLE_PRELOAD 0
#endif
#ifndef DISABLE_UNMAP
//! Disable unmapping memory pages (also enables unlimited cache)
#define DISABLE_UNMAP 0
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE
//! Enable unlimited global cache (no unmapping until finalization)
#define ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE 0
#endif
#ifndef ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE
//! Enable adaptive thread cache size based on use heuristics
#define ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE 0
#endif
#ifndef DEFAULT_SPAN_MAP_COUNT
//! Default number of spans to map in call to map more virtual memory (default
//! values yield 4MiB here)
#define DEFAULT_SPAN_MAP_COUNT 64
#endif
#ifndef GLOBAL_CACHE_MULTIPLIER
//! Multiplier for global cache
#define GLOBAL_CACHE_MULTIPLIER 8
#endif
#if DISABLE_UNMAP && !ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
#error Must use global cache if unmap is disabled
#endif
#if DISABLE_UNMAP
#undef ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE
#define ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE 1
#endif
#if !ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
#undef ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE
#define ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE 0
#endif
#if !ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
#undef ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE
#define ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE 0
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__) || defined(_WIN64)
#define PLATFORM_WINDOWS 1
#define PLATFORM_POSIX 0
#else
#define PLATFORM_WINDOWS 0
#define PLATFORM_POSIX 1
#endif
/// Platform and arch specifics
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
#pragma warning(disable : 5105)
#ifndef FORCEINLINE
#define FORCEINLINE inline __forceinline
#endif
#define _Static_assert static_assert
#else
#ifndef FORCEINLINE
#define FORCEINLINE inline __attribute__((__always_inline__))
#endif
#endif
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
#include <intsafe.h>
#endif
#else
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__ANDROID__)
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#if !defined(PR_SET_VMA)
#define PR_SET_VMA 0x53564d41
#define PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME 0
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__)
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#if !TARGET_OS_IPHONE && !TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
#include <mach/mach_vm.h>
#include <mach/vm_statistics.h>
#endif
#include <pthread.h>
#endif
#if defined(__HAIKU__) || defined(__TINYC__)
#include <pthread.h>
#endif
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK) || !BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK)
#include <fibersapi.h>
static DWORD fls_key;
#endif
#if PLATFORM_POSIX
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#define MAP_HUGETLB MAP_ALIGNED_SUPER
#ifndef PROT_MAX
#define PROT_MAX(f) 0
#endif
#else
#define PROT_MAX(f) 0
#endif
#ifdef __sun
extern int madvise(caddr_t, size_t, int);
#endif
#ifndef MAP_UNINITIALIZED
#define MAP_UNINITIALIZED 0
#endif
#endif
#include <errno.h>
#if ENABLE_ASSERTS
#undef NDEBUG
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_DEBUG)
#define _DEBUG
#endif
#include <assert.h>
#define RPMALLOC_TOSTRING_M(x) #x
#define RPMALLOC_TOSTRING(x) RPMALLOC_TOSTRING_M(x)
#define rpmalloc_assert(truth, message) \
do { \
if (!(truth)) { \
if (_memory_config.error_callback) { \
_memory_config.error_callback(message " (" RPMALLOC_TOSTRING( \
truth) ") at " __FILE__ ":" RPMALLOC_TOSTRING(__LINE__)); \
} else { \
assert((truth) && message); \
} \
} \
} while (0)
#else
#define rpmalloc_assert(truth, message) \
do { \
} while (0)
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
#include <stdio.h>
#endif
//////
///
/// Atomic access abstraction (since MSVC does not do C11 yet)
///
//////
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
typedef volatile long atomic32_t;
typedef volatile long long atomic64_t;
typedef volatile void *atomicptr_t;
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_load32(atomic32_t *src) {
return (int32_t)InterlockedOr(src, 0);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store32(atomic32_t *dst, int32_t val) {
InterlockedExchange(dst, val);
}
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_incr32(atomic32_t *val) {
return (int32_t)InterlockedIncrement(val);
}
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_decr32(atomic32_t *val) {
return (int32_t)InterlockedDecrement(val);
}
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_add32(atomic32_t *val, int32_t add) {
return (int32_t)InterlockedExchangeAdd(val, add) + add;
}
static FORCEINLINE int atomic_cas32_acquire(atomic32_t *dst, int32_t val,
int32_t ref) {
return (InterlockedCompareExchange(dst, val, ref) == ref) ? 1 : 0;
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store32_release(atomic32_t *dst, int32_t val) {
InterlockedExchange(dst, val);
}
static FORCEINLINE int64_t atomic_load64(atomic64_t *src) {
return (int64_t)InterlockedOr64(src, 0);
}
static FORCEINLINE int64_t atomic_add64(atomic64_t *val, int64_t add) {
return (int64_t)InterlockedExchangeAdd64(val, add) + add;
}
static FORCEINLINE void *atomic_load_ptr(atomicptr_t *src) {
return InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(src, 0, 0);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store_ptr(atomicptr_t *dst, void *val) {
InterlockedExchangePointer(dst, val);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store_ptr_release(atomicptr_t *dst, void *val) {
InterlockedExchangePointer(dst, val);
}
static FORCEINLINE void *atomic_exchange_ptr_acquire(atomicptr_t *dst,
void *val) {
return (void *)InterlockedExchangePointer((void *volatile *)dst, val);
}
static FORCEINLINE int atomic_cas_ptr(atomicptr_t *dst, void *val, void *ref) {
return (InterlockedCompareExchangePointer((void *volatile *)dst, val, ref) ==
ref)
? 1
: 0;
}
#define EXPECTED(x) (x)
#define UNEXPECTED(x) (x)
#else
#include <stdatomic.h>
typedef volatile _Atomic(int32_t) atomic32_t;
typedef volatile _Atomic(int64_t) atomic64_t;
typedef volatile _Atomic(void *) atomicptr_t;
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_load32(atomic32_t *src) {
return atomic_load_explicit(src, memory_order_relaxed);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store32(atomic32_t *dst, int32_t val) {
atomic_store_explicit(dst, val, memory_order_relaxed);
}
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_incr32(atomic32_t *val) {
return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(val, 1, memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
}
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_decr32(atomic32_t *val) {
return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(val, -1, memory_order_relaxed) - 1;
}
static FORCEINLINE int32_t atomic_add32(atomic32_t *val, int32_t add) {
return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(val, add, memory_order_relaxed) + add;
}
static FORCEINLINE int atomic_cas32_acquire(atomic32_t *dst, int32_t val,
int32_t ref) {
return atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(
dst, &ref, val, memory_order_acquire, memory_order_relaxed);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store32_release(atomic32_t *dst, int32_t val) {
atomic_store_explicit(dst, val, memory_order_release);
}
static FORCEINLINE int64_t atomic_load64(atomic64_t *val) {
return atomic_load_explicit(val, memory_order_relaxed);
}
static FORCEINLINE int64_t atomic_add64(atomic64_t *val, int64_t add) {
return atomic_fetch_add_explicit(val, add, memory_order_relaxed) + add;
}
static FORCEINLINE void *atomic_load_ptr(atomicptr_t *src) {
return atomic_load_explicit(src, memory_order_relaxed);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store_ptr(atomicptr_t *dst, void *val) {
atomic_store_explicit(dst, val, memory_order_relaxed);
}
static FORCEINLINE void atomic_store_ptr_release(atomicptr_t *dst, void *val) {
atomic_store_explicit(dst, val, memory_order_release);
}
static FORCEINLINE void *atomic_exchange_ptr_acquire(atomicptr_t *dst,
void *val) {
return atomic_exchange_explicit(dst, val, memory_order_acquire);
}
static FORCEINLINE int atomic_cas_ptr(atomicptr_t *dst, void *val, void *ref) {
return atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(
dst, &ref, val, memory_order_relaxed, memory_order_relaxed);
}
#define EXPECTED(x) __builtin_expect((x), 1)
#define UNEXPECTED(x) __builtin_expect((x), 0)
#endif
////////////
///
/// Statistics related functions (evaluate to nothing when statistics not
/// enabled)
///
//////
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
#define _rpmalloc_stat_inc(counter) atomic_incr32(counter)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_dec(counter) atomic_decr32(counter)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_add(counter, value) \
atomic_add32(counter, (int32_t)(value))
#define _rpmalloc_stat_add64(counter, value) \
atomic_add64(counter, (int64_t)(value))
#define _rpmalloc_stat_add_peak(counter, value, peak) \
do { \
int32_t _cur_count = atomic_add32(counter, (int32_t)(value)); \
if (_cur_count > (peak)) \
peak = _cur_count; \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_sub(counter, value) \
atomic_add32(counter, -(int32_t)(value))
#define _rpmalloc_stat_inc_alloc(heap, class_idx) \
do { \
int32_t alloc_current = \
atomic_incr32(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].alloc_current); \
if (alloc_current > heap->size_class_use[class_idx].alloc_peak) \
heap->size_class_use[class_idx].alloc_peak = alloc_current; \
atomic_incr32(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].alloc_total); \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_inc_free(heap, class_idx) \
do { \
atomic_decr32(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].alloc_current); \
atomic_incr32(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].free_total); \
} while (0)
#else
#define _rpmalloc_stat_inc(counter) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_dec(counter) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_add(counter, value) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_add64(counter, value) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_add_peak(counter, value, peak) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_sub(counter, value) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_inc_alloc(heap, class_idx) \
do { \
} while (0)
#define _rpmalloc_stat_inc_free(heap, class_idx) \
do { \
} while (0)
#endif
///
/// Preconfigured limits and sizes
///
//! Granularity of a small allocation block (must be power of two)
#define SMALL_GRANULARITY 16
//! Small granularity shift count
#define SMALL_GRANULARITY_SHIFT 4
//! Number of small block size classes
#define SMALL_CLASS_COUNT 65
//! Maximum size of a small block
#define SMALL_SIZE_LIMIT (SMALL_GRANULARITY * (SMALL_CLASS_COUNT - 1))
//! Granularity of a medium allocation block
#define MEDIUM_GRANULARITY 512
//! Medium granularity shift count
#define MEDIUM_GRANULARITY_SHIFT 9
//! Number of medium block size classes
#define MEDIUM_CLASS_COUNT 61
//! Total number of small + medium size classes
#define SIZE_CLASS_COUNT (SMALL_CLASS_COUNT + MEDIUM_CLASS_COUNT)
//! Number of large block size classes
#define LARGE_CLASS_COUNT 63
//! Maximum size of a medium block
#define MEDIUM_SIZE_LIMIT \
(SMALL_SIZE_LIMIT + (MEDIUM_GRANULARITY * MEDIUM_CLASS_COUNT))
//! Maximum size of a large block
#define LARGE_SIZE_LIMIT \
((LARGE_CLASS_COUNT * _memory_span_size) - SPAN_HEADER_SIZE)
//! Size of a span header (must be a multiple of SMALL_GRANULARITY and a power
//! of two)
#define SPAN_HEADER_SIZE 128
//! Number of spans in thread cache
#define MAX_THREAD_SPAN_CACHE 400
//! Number of spans to transfer between thread and global cache
#define THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER 64
//! Number of spans in thread cache for large spans (must be greater than
//! LARGE_CLASS_COUNT / 2)
#define MAX_THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE 100
//! Number of spans to transfer between thread and global cache for large spans
#define THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE_TRANSFER 6
_Static_assert((SMALL_GRANULARITY & (SMALL_GRANULARITY - 1)) == 0,
"Small granularity must be power of two");
_Static_assert((SPAN_HEADER_SIZE & (SPAN_HEADER_SIZE - 1)) == 0,
"Span header size must be power of two");
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
//! Maximum allocation size to avoid integer overflow
#undef MAX_ALLOC_SIZE
#define MAX_ALLOC_SIZE (((size_t) - 1) - _memory_span_size)
#endif
#define pointer_offset(ptr, ofs) (void *)((char *)(ptr) + (ptrdiff_t)(ofs))
#define pointer_diff(first, second) \
(ptrdiff_t)((const char *)(first) - (const char *)(second))
#define INVALID_POINTER ((void *)((uintptr_t) - 1))
#define SIZE_CLASS_LARGE SIZE_CLASS_COUNT
#define SIZE_CLASS_HUGE ((uint32_t) - 1)
////////////
///
/// Data types
///
//////
//! A memory heap, per thread
typedef struct heap_t heap_t;
//! Span of memory pages
typedef struct span_t span_t;
//! Span list
typedef struct span_list_t span_list_t;
//! Span active data
typedef struct span_active_t span_active_t;
//! Size class definition
typedef struct size_class_t size_class_t;
//! Global cache
typedef struct global_cache_t global_cache_t;
//! Flag indicating span is the first (master) span of a split superspan
#define SPAN_FLAG_MASTER 1U
//! Flag indicating span is a secondary (sub) span of a split superspan
#define SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN 2U
//! Flag indicating span has blocks with increased alignment
#define SPAN_FLAG_ALIGNED_BLOCKS 4U
//! Flag indicating an unmapped master span
#define SPAN_FLAG_UNMAPPED_MASTER 8U
#if ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE || ENABLE_STATISTICS
struct span_use_t {
//! Current number of spans used (actually used, not in cache)
atomic32_t current;
//! High water mark of spans used
atomic32_t high;
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
//! Number of spans in deferred list
atomic32_t spans_deferred;
//! Number of spans transitioned to global cache
atomic32_t spans_to_global;
//! Number of spans transitioned from global cache
atomic32_t spans_from_global;
//! Number of spans transitioned to thread cache
atomic32_t spans_to_cache;
//! Number of spans transitioned from thread cache
atomic32_t spans_from_cache;
//! Number of spans transitioned to reserved state
atomic32_t spans_to_reserved;
//! Number of spans transitioned from reserved state
atomic32_t spans_from_reserved;
//! Number of raw memory map calls
atomic32_t spans_map_calls;
#endif
};
typedef struct span_use_t span_use_t;
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
struct size_class_use_t {
//! Current number of allocations
atomic32_t alloc_current;
//! Peak number of allocations
int32_t alloc_peak;
//! Total number of allocations
atomic32_t alloc_total;
//! Total number of frees
atomic32_t free_total;
//! Number of spans in use
atomic32_t spans_current;
//! Number of spans transitioned to cache
int32_t spans_peak;
//! Number of spans transitioned to cache
atomic32_t spans_to_cache;
//! Number of spans transitioned from cache
atomic32_t spans_from_cache;
//! Number of spans transitioned from reserved state
atomic32_t spans_from_reserved;
//! Number of spans mapped
atomic32_t spans_map_calls;
int32_t unused;
};
typedef struct size_class_use_t size_class_use_t;
#endif
// A span can either represent a single span of memory pages with size declared
// by span_map_count configuration variable, or a set of spans in a continuous
// region, a super span. Any reference to the term "span" usually refers to both
// a single span or a super span. A super span can further be divided into
// multiple spans (or this, super spans), where the first (super)span is the
// master and subsequent (super)spans are subspans. The master span keeps track
// of how many subspans that are still alive and mapped in virtual memory, and
// once all subspans and master have been unmapped the entire superspan region
// is released and unmapped (on Windows for example, the entire superspan range
// has to be released in the same call to release the virtual memory range, but
// individual subranges can be decommitted individually to reduce physical
// memory use).
struct span_t {
//! Free list
void *free_list;
//! Total block count of size class
uint32_t block_count;
//! Size class
uint32_t size_class;
//! Index of last block initialized in free list
uint32_t free_list_limit;
//! Number of used blocks remaining when in partial state
uint32_t used_count;
//! Deferred free list
atomicptr_t free_list_deferred;
//! Size of deferred free list, or list of spans when part of a cache list
uint32_t list_size;
//! Size of a block
uint32_t block_size;
//! Flags and counters
uint32_t flags;
//! Number of spans
uint32_t span_count;
//! Total span counter for master spans
uint32_t total_spans;
//! Offset from master span for subspans
uint32_t offset_from_master;
//! Remaining span counter, for master spans
atomic32_t remaining_spans;
//! Alignment offset
uint32_t align_offset;
//! Owning heap
heap_t *heap;
//! Next span
span_t *next;
//! Previous span
span_t *prev;
};
_Static_assert(sizeof(span_t) <= SPAN_HEADER_SIZE, "span size mismatch");
struct span_cache_t {
size_t count;
span_t *span[MAX_THREAD_SPAN_CACHE];
};
typedef struct span_cache_t span_cache_t;
struct span_large_cache_t {
size_t count;
span_t *span[MAX_THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE];
};
typedef struct span_large_cache_t span_large_cache_t;
struct heap_size_class_t {
//! Free list of active span
void *free_list;
//! Double linked list of partially used spans with free blocks.
// Previous span pointer in head points to tail span of list.
span_t *partial_span;
//! Early level cache of fully free spans
span_t *cache;
};
typedef struct heap_size_class_t heap_size_class_t;
// Control structure for a heap, either a thread heap or a first class heap if
// enabled
struct heap_t {
//! Owning thread ID
uintptr_t owner_thread;
//! Free lists for each size class
heap_size_class_t size_class[SIZE_CLASS_COUNT];
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
//! Arrays of fully freed spans, single span
span_cache_t span_cache;
#endif
//! List of deferred free spans (single linked list)
atomicptr_t span_free_deferred;
//! Number of full spans
size_t full_span_count;
//! Mapped but unused spans
span_t *span_reserve;
//! Master span for mapped but unused spans
span_t *span_reserve_master;
//! Number of mapped but unused spans
uint32_t spans_reserved;
//! Child count
atomic32_t child_count;
//! Next heap in id list
heap_t *next_heap;
//! Next heap in orphan list
heap_t *next_orphan;
//! Heap ID
int32_t id;
//! Finalization state flag
int finalize;
//! Master heap owning the memory pages
heap_t *master_heap;
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
//! Arrays of fully freed spans, large spans with > 1 span count
span_large_cache_t span_large_cache[LARGE_CLASS_COUNT - 1];
#endif
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
//! Double linked list of fully utilized spans with free blocks for each size
//! class.
// Previous span pointer in head points to tail span of list.
span_t *full_span[SIZE_CLASS_COUNT];
//! Double linked list of large and huge spans allocated by this heap
span_t *large_huge_span;
#endif
#if ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE || ENABLE_STATISTICS
//! Current and high water mark of spans used per span count
span_use_t span_use[LARGE_CLASS_COUNT];
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
//! Allocation stats per size class
size_class_use_t size_class_use[SIZE_CLASS_COUNT + 1];
//! Number of bytes transitioned thread -> global
atomic64_t thread_to_global;
//! Number of bytes transitioned global -> thread
atomic64_t global_to_thread;
#endif
};
// Size class for defining a block size bucket
struct size_class_t {
//! Size of blocks in this class
uint32_t block_size;
//! Number of blocks in each chunk
uint16_t block_count;
//! Class index this class is merged with
uint16_t class_idx;
};
_Static_assert(sizeof(size_class_t) == 8, "Size class size mismatch");
struct global_cache_t {
//! Cache lock
atomic32_t lock;
//! Cache count
uint32_t count;
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
//! Insert count
size_t insert_count;
//! Extract count
size_t extract_count;
#endif
//! Cached spans
span_t *span[GLOBAL_CACHE_MULTIPLIER * MAX_THREAD_SPAN_CACHE];
//! Unlimited cache overflow
span_t *overflow;
};
////////////
///
/// Global data
///
//////
//! Default span size (64KiB)
#define _memory_default_span_size (64 * 1024)
#define _memory_default_span_size_shift 16
#define _memory_default_span_mask (~((uintptr_t)(_memory_span_size - 1)))
//! Initialized flag
static int _rpmalloc_initialized;
//! Main thread ID
static uintptr_t _rpmalloc_main_thread_id;
//! Configuration
static rpmalloc_config_t _memory_config;
//! Memory page size
static size_t _memory_page_size;
//! Shift to divide by page size
static size_t _memory_page_size_shift;
//! Granularity at which memory pages are mapped by OS
static size_t _memory_map_granularity;
#if RPMALLOC_CONFIGURABLE
//! Size of a span of memory pages
static size_t _memory_span_size;
//! Shift to divide by span size
static size_t _memory_span_size_shift;
//! Mask to get to start of a memory span
static uintptr_t _memory_span_mask;
#else
//! Hardwired span size
#define _memory_span_size _memory_default_span_size
#define _memory_span_size_shift _memory_default_span_size_shift
#define _memory_span_mask _memory_default_span_mask
#endif
//! Number of spans to map in each map call
static size_t _memory_span_map_count;
//! Number of spans to keep reserved in each heap
static size_t _memory_heap_reserve_count;
//! Global size classes
static size_class_t _memory_size_class[SIZE_CLASS_COUNT];
//! Run-time size limit of medium blocks
static size_t _memory_medium_size_limit;
//! Heap ID counter
static atomic32_t _memory_heap_id;
//! Huge page support
static int _memory_huge_pages;
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
//! Global span cache
static global_cache_t _memory_span_cache[LARGE_CLASS_COUNT];
#endif
//! Global reserved spans
static span_t *_memory_global_reserve;
//! Global reserved count
static size_t _memory_global_reserve_count;
//! Global reserved master
static span_t *_memory_global_reserve_master;
//! All heaps
static heap_t *_memory_heaps[HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE];
//! Used to restrict access to mapping memory for huge pages
static atomic32_t _memory_global_lock;
//! Orphaned heaps
static heap_t *_memory_orphan_heaps;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
//! Orphaned heaps (first class heaps)
static heap_t *_memory_first_class_orphan_heaps;
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
//! Allocations counter
static atomic64_t _allocation_counter;
//! Deallocations counter
static atomic64_t _deallocation_counter;
//! Active heap count
static atomic32_t _memory_active_heaps;
//! Number of currently mapped memory pages
static atomic32_t _mapped_pages;
//! Peak number of concurrently mapped memory pages
static int32_t _mapped_pages_peak;
//! Number of mapped master spans
static atomic32_t _master_spans;
//! Number of unmapped dangling master spans
static atomic32_t _unmapped_master_spans;
//! Running counter of total number of mapped memory pages since start
static atomic32_t _mapped_total;
//! Running counter of total number of unmapped memory pages since start
static atomic32_t _unmapped_total;
//! Number of currently mapped memory pages in OS calls
static atomic32_t _mapped_pages_os;
//! Number of currently allocated pages in huge allocations
static atomic32_t _huge_pages_current;
//! Peak number of currently allocated pages in huge allocations
static int32_t _huge_pages_peak;
#endif
////////////
///
/// Thread local heap and ID
///
//////
//! Current thread heap
#if ((defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__HAIKU__)) && ENABLE_PRELOAD) || \
defined(__TINYC__)
static pthread_key_t _memory_thread_heap;
#else
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _Thread_local __declspec(thread)
#define TLS_MODEL
#else
#ifndef __HAIKU__
#define TLS_MODEL __attribute__((tls_model("initial-exec")))
#else
#define TLS_MODEL
#endif
#if !defined(__clang__) && defined(__GNUC__)
#define _Thread_local __thread
#endif
#endif
static _Thread_local heap_t *_memory_thread_heap TLS_MODEL;
#endif
static inline heap_t *get_thread_heap_raw(void) {
#if (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__HAIKU__)) && ENABLE_PRELOAD
return pthread_getspecific(_memory_thread_heap);
#else
return _memory_thread_heap;
#endif
}
//! Get the current thread heap
static inline heap_t *get_thread_heap(void) {
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap_raw();
#if ENABLE_PRELOAD
if (EXPECTED(heap != 0))
return heap;
rpmalloc_initialize();
return get_thread_heap_raw();
#else
return heap;
#endif
}
//! Fast thread ID
static inline uintptr_t get_thread_id(void) {
#if defined(_WIN32)
return (uintptr_t)((void *)NtCurrentTeb());
#elif (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
uintptr_t tid;
#if defined(__i386__)
__asm__("movl %%gs:0, %0" : "=r"(tid) : :);
#elif defined(__x86_64__)
#if defined(__MACH__)
__asm__("movq %%gs:0, %0" : "=r"(tid) : :);
#else
__asm__("movq %%fs:0, %0" : "=r"(tid) : :);
#endif
#elif defined(__arm__)
__asm__ volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3" : "=r"(tid));
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
#if defined(__MACH__)
// tpidr_el0 likely unused, always return 0 on iOS
__asm__ volatile("mrs %0, tpidrro_el0" : "=r"(tid));
#else
__asm__ volatile("mrs %0, tpidr_el0" : "=r"(tid));
#endif
#else
#error This platform needs implementation of get_thread_id()
#endif
return tid;
#else
#error This platform needs implementation of get_thread_id()
#endif
}
//! Set the current thread heap
static void set_thread_heap(heap_t *heap) {
#if ((defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__HAIKU__)) && ENABLE_PRELOAD) || \
defined(__TINYC__)
pthread_setspecific(_memory_thread_heap, heap);
#else
_memory_thread_heap = heap;
#endif
if (heap)
heap->owner_thread = get_thread_id();
}
//! Set main thread ID
extern void rpmalloc_set_main_thread(void);
void rpmalloc_set_main_thread(void) {
_rpmalloc_main_thread_id = get_thread_id();
}
static void _rpmalloc_spin(void) {
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#if defined(_M_ARM64)
__yield();
#else
_mm_pause();
#endif
#elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__)
__asm__ volatile("pause" ::: "memory");
#elif defined(__aarch64__) || (defined(__arm__) && __ARM_ARCH >= 7)
__asm__ volatile("yield" ::: "memory");
#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
// No idea if ever been compiled in such archs but ... as precaution
__asm__ volatile("or 27,27,27");
#elif defined(__sparc__)
__asm__ volatile("rd %ccr, %g0 \n\trd %ccr, %g0 \n\trd %ccr, %g0");
#else
struct timespec ts = {0};
nanosleep(&ts, 0);
#endif
}
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK) || !BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK)
static void NTAPI _rpmalloc_thread_destructor(void *value) {
#if ENABLE_OVERRIDE
// If this is called on main thread it means rpmalloc_finalize
// has not been called and shutdown is forced (through _exit) or unclean
if (get_thread_id() == _rpmalloc_main_thread_id)
return;
#endif
if (value)
rpmalloc_thread_finalize(1);
}
#endif
////////////
///
/// Low level memory map/unmap
///
//////
static void _rpmalloc_set_name(void *address, size_t size) {
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__ANDROID__)
const char *name = _memory_huge_pages ? _memory_config.huge_page_name
: _memory_config.page_name;
if (address == MAP_FAILED || !name)
return;
// If the kernel does not support CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME or if the call fails
// (e.g. invalid name) it is a no-op basically.
(void)prctl(PR_SET_VMA, PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME, (uintptr_t)address, size,
(uintptr_t)name);
#else
(void)sizeof(size);
(void)sizeof(address);
#endif
}
//! Map more virtual memory
// size is number of bytes to map
// offset receives the offset in bytes from start of mapped region
// returns address to start of mapped region to use
static void *_rpmalloc_mmap(size_t size, size_t *offset) {
rpmalloc_assert(!(size % _memory_page_size), "Invalid mmap size");
rpmalloc_assert(size >= _memory_page_size, "Invalid mmap size");
void *address = _memory_config.memory_map(size, offset);
if (EXPECTED(address != 0)) {
_rpmalloc_stat_add_peak(&_mapped_pages, (size >> _memory_page_size_shift),
_mapped_pages_peak);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&_mapped_total, (size >> _memory_page_size_shift));
}
return address;
}
//! Unmap virtual memory
// address is the memory address to unmap, as returned from _memory_map
// size is the number of bytes to unmap, which might be less than full region
// for a partial unmap offset is the offset in bytes to the actual mapped
// region, as set by _memory_map release is set to 0 for partial unmap, or size
// of entire range for a full unmap
static void _rpmalloc_unmap(void *address, size_t size, size_t offset,
size_t release) {
rpmalloc_assert(!release || (release >= size), "Invalid unmap size");
rpmalloc_assert(!release || (release >= _memory_page_size),
"Invalid unmap size");
if (release) {
rpmalloc_assert(!(release % _memory_page_size), "Invalid unmap size");
_rpmalloc_stat_sub(&_mapped_pages, (release >> _memory_page_size_shift));
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&_unmapped_total, (release >> _memory_page_size_shift));
}
_memory_config.memory_unmap(address, size, offset, release);
}
//! Default implementation to map new pages to virtual memory
static void *_rpmalloc_mmap_os(size_t size, size_t *offset) {
// Either size is a heap (a single page) or a (multiple) span - we only need
// to align spans, and only if larger than map granularity
size_t padding = ((size >= _memory_span_size) &&
(_memory_span_size > _memory_map_granularity))
? _memory_span_size
: 0;
rpmalloc_assert(size >= _memory_page_size, "Invalid mmap size");
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
// Ok to MEM_COMMIT - according to MSDN, "actual physical pages are not
// allocated unless/until the virtual addresses are actually accessed"
void *ptr = VirtualAlloc(0, size + padding,
(_memory_huge_pages ? MEM_LARGE_PAGES : 0) |
MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT,
PAGE_READWRITE);
if (!ptr) {
if (_memory_config.map_fail_callback) {
if (_memory_config.map_fail_callback(size + padding))
return _rpmalloc_mmap_os(size, offset);
} else {
rpmalloc_assert(ptr, "Failed to map virtual memory block");
}
return 0;
}
#else
int flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_UNINITIALIZED;
#if defined(__APPLE__) && !TARGET_OS_IPHONE && !TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
int fd = (int)VM_MAKE_TAG(240U);
if (_memory_huge_pages)
fd |= VM_FLAGS_SUPERPAGE_SIZE_2MB;
void *ptr = mmap(0, size + padding, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, flags, fd, 0);
#elif defined(MAP_HUGETLB)
void *ptr = mmap(0, size + padding,
PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_MAX(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE),
(_memory_huge_pages ? MAP_HUGETLB : 0) | flags, -1, 0);
#if defined(MADV_HUGEPAGE)
// In some configurations, huge pages allocations might fail thus
// we fallback to normal allocations and promote the region as transparent
// huge page
if ((ptr == MAP_FAILED || !ptr) && _memory_huge_pages) {
ptr = mmap(0, size + padding, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, flags, -1, 0);
if (ptr && ptr != MAP_FAILED) {
int prm = madvise(ptr, size + padding, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
(void)prm;
rpmalloc_assert((prm == 0), "Failed to promote the page to THP");
}
}
#endif
_rpmalloc_set_name(ptr, size + padding);
#elif defined(MAP_ALIGNED)
const size_t align =
(sizeof(size_t) * 8) - (size_t)(__builtin_clzl(size - 1));
void *ptr =
mmap(0, size + padding, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
(_memory_huge_pages ? MAP_ALIGNED(align) : 0) | flags, -1, 0);
#elif defined(MAP_ALIGN)
caddr_t base = (_memory_huge_pages ? (caddr_t)(4 << 20) : 0);
void *ptr = mmap(base, size + padding, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
(_memory_huge_pages ? MAP_ALIGN : 0) | flags, -1, 0);
#else
void *ptr = mmap(0, size + padding, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, flags, -1, 0);
#endif
if ((ptr == MAP_FAILED) || !ptr) {
if (_memory_config.map_fail_callback) {
if (_memory_config.map_fail_callback(size + padding))
return _rpmalloc_mmap_os(size, offset);
} else if (errno != ENOMEM) {
rpmalloc_assert((ptr != MAP_FAILED) && ptr,
"Failed to map virtual memory block");
}
return 0;
}
#endif
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&_mapped_pages_os,
(int32_t)((size + padding) >> _memory_page_size_shift));
if (padding) {
size_t final_padding = padding - ((uintptr_t)ptr & ~_memory_span_mask);
rpmalloc_assert(final_padding <= _memory_span_size,
"Internal failure in padding");
rpmalloc_assert(final_padding <= padding, "Internal failure in padding");
rpmalloc_assert(!(final_padding % 8), "Internal failure in padding");
ptr = pointer_offset(ptr, final_padding);
*offset = final_padding >> 3;
}
rpmalloc_assert((size < _memory_span_size) ||
!((uintptr_t)ptr & ~_memory_span_mask),
"Internal failure in padding");
return ptr;
}
//! Default implementation to unmap pages from virtual memory
static void _rpmalloc_unmap_os(void *address, size_t size, size_t offset,
size_t release) {
rpmalloc_assert(release || (offset == 0), "Invalid unmap size");
rpmalloc_assert(!release || (release >= _memory_page_size),
"Invalid unmap size");
rpmalloc_assert(size >= _memory_page_size, "Invalid unmap size");
if (release && offset) {
offset <<= 3;
address = pointer_offset(address, -(int32_t)offset);
if ((release >= _memory_span_size) &&
(_memory_span_size > _memory_map_granularity)) {
// Padding is always one span size
release += _memory_span_size;
}
}
#if !DISABLE_UNMAP
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
if (!VirtualFree(address, release ? 0 : size,
release ? MEM_RELEASE : MEM_DECOMMIT)) {
rpmalloc_assert(0, "Failed to unmap virtual memory block");
}
#else
if (release) {
if (munmap(address, release)) {
rpmalloc_assert(0, "Failed to unmap virtual memory block");
}
} else {
#if defined(MADV_FREE_REUSABLE)
int ret;
while ((ret = madvise(address, size, MADV_FREE_REUSABLE)) == -1 &&
(errno == EAGAIN))
errno = 0;
if ((ret == -1) && (errno != 0)) {
#elif defined(MADV_DONTNEED)
if (madvise(address, size, MADV_DONTNEED)) {
#elif defined(MADV_PAGEOUT)
if (madvise(address, size, MADV_PAGEOUT)) {
#elif defined(MADV_FREE)
if (madvise(address, size, MADV_FREE)) {
#else
if (posix_madvise(address, size, POSIX_MADV_DONTNEED)) {
#endif
rpmalloc_assert(0, "Failed to madvise virtual memory block as free");
}
}
#endif
#endif
if (release)
_rpmalloc_stat_sub(&_mapped_pages_os, release >> _memory_page_size_shift);
}
static void _rpmalloc_span_mark_as_subspan_unless_master(span_t *master,
span_t *subspan,
size_t span_count);
//! Use global reserved spans to fulfill a memory map request (reserve size must
//! be checked by caller)
static span_t *_rpmalloc_global_get_reserved_spans(size_t span_count) {
span_t *span = _memory_global_reserve;
_rpmalloc_span_mark_as_subspan_unless_master(_memory_global_reserve_master,
span, span_count);
_memory_global_reserve_count -= span_count;
if (_memory_global_reserve_count)
_memory_global_reserve =
(span_t *)pointer_offset(span, span_count << _memory_span_size_shift);
else
_memory_global_reserve = 0;
return span;
}
//! Store the given spans as global reserve (must only be called from within new
//! heap allocation, not thread safe)
static void _rpmalloc_global_set_reserved_spans(span_t *master, span_t *reserve,
size_t reserve_span_count) {
_memory_global_reserve_master = master;
_memory_global_reserve_count = reserve_span_count;
_memory_global_reserve = reserve;
}
////////////
///
/// Span linked list management
///
//////
//! Add a span to double linked list at the head
static void _rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(span_t **head, span_t *span) {
if (*head)
(*head)->prev = span;
span->next = *head;
*head = span;
}
//! Pop head span from double linked list
static void _rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_pop_head(span_t **head,
span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert(*head == span, "Linked list corrupted");
span = *head;
*head = span->next;
}
//! Remove a span from double linked list
static void _rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(span_t **head,
span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert(*head, "Linked list corrupted");
if (*head == span) {
*head = span->next;
} else {
span_t *next_span = span->next;
span_t *prev_span = span->prev;
prev_span->next = next_span;
if (EXPECTED(next_span != 0))
next_span->prev = prev_span;
}
}
////////////
///
/// Span control
///
//////
static void _rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap_t *heap, span_t *span);
static void _rpmalloc_heap_finalize(heap_t *heap);
static void _rpmalloc_heap_set_reserved_spans(heap_t *heap, span_t *master,
span_t *reserve,
size_t reserve_span_count);
//! Declare the span to be a subspan and store distance from master span and
//! span count
static void _rpmalloc_span_mark_as_subspan_unless_master(span_t *master,
span_t *subspan,
size_t span_count) {
rpmalloc_assert((subspan != master) || (subspan->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER),
"Span master pointer and/or flag mismatch");
if (subspan != master) {
subspan->flags = SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN;
subspan->offset_from_master =
(uint32_t)((uintptr_t)pointer_diff(subspan, master) >>
_memory_span_size_shift);
subspan->align_offset = 0;
}
subspan->span_count = (uint32_t)span_count;
}
//! Use reserved spans to fulfill a memory map request (reserve size must be
//! checked by caller)
static span_t *_rpmalloc_span_map_from_reserve(heap_t *heap,
size_t span_count) {
// Update the heap span reserve
span_t *span = heap->span_reserve;
heap->span_reserve =
(span_t *)pointer_offset(span, span_count * _memory_span_size);
heap->spans_reserved -= (uint32_t)span_count;
_rpmalloc_span_mark_as_subspan_unless_master(heap->span_reserve_master, span,
span_count);
if (span_count <= LARGE_CLASS_COUNT)
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_from_reserved);
return span;
}
//! Get the aligned number of spans to map in based on wanted count, configured
//! mapping granularity and the page size
static size_t _rpmalloc_span_align_count(size_t span_count) {
size_t request_count = (span_count > _memory_span_map_count)
? span_count
: _memory_span_map_count;
if ((_memory_page_size > _memory_span_size) &&
((request_count * _memory_span_size) % _memory_page_size))
request_count +=
_memory_span_map_count - (request_count % _memory_span_map_count);
return request_count;
}
//! Setup a newly mapped span
static void _rpmalloc_span_initialize(span_t *span, size_t total_span_count,
size_t span_count, size_t align_offset) {
span->total_spans = (uint32_t)total_span_count;
span->span_count = (uint32_t)span_count;
span->align_offset = (uint32_t)align_offset;
span->flags = SPAN_FLAG_MASTER;
atomic_store32(&span->remaining_spans, (int32_t)total_span_count);
}
static void _rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_t *span);
//! Map an aligned set of spans, taking configured mapping granularity and the
//! page size into account
static span_t *_rpmalloc_span_map_aligned_count(heap_t *heap,
size_t span_count) {
// If we already have some, but not enough, reserved spans, release those to
// heap cache and map a new full set of spans. Otherwise we would waste memory
// if page size > span size (huge pages)
size_t aligned_span_count = _rpmalloc_span_align_count(span_count);
size_t align_offset = 0;
span_t *span = (span_t *)_rpmalloc_mmap(
aligned_span_count * _memory_span_size, &align_offset);
if (!span)
return 0;
_rpmalloc_span_initialize(span, aligned_span_count, span_count, align_offset);
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&_master_spans);
if (span_count <= LARGE_CLASS_COUNT)
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_map_calls);
if (aligned_span_count > span_count) {
span_t *reserved_spans =
(span_t *)pointer_offset(span, span_count * _memory_span_size);
size_t reserved_count = aligned_span_count - span_count;
if (heap->spans_reserved) {
_rpmalloc_span_mark_as_subspan_unless_master(
heap->span_reserve_master, heap->span_reserve, heap->spans_reserved);
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, heap->span_reserve);
}
if (reserved_count > _memory_heap_reserve_count) {
// If huge pages or eager spam map count, the global reserve spin lock is
// held by caller, _rpmalloc_span_map
rpmalloc_assert(atomic_load32(&_memory_global_lock) == 1,
"Global spin lock not held as expected");
size_t remain_count = reserved_count - _memory_heap_reserve_count;
reserved_count = _memory_heap_reserve_count;
span_t *remain_span = (span_t *)pointer_offset(
reserved_spans, reserved_count * _memory_span_size);
if (_memory_global_reserve) {
_rpmalloc_span_mark_as_subspan_unless_master(
_memory_global_reserve_master, _memory_global_reserve,
_memory_global_reserve_count);
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(_memory_global_reserve);
}
_rpmalloc_global_set_reserved_spans(span, remain_span, remain_count);
}
_rpmalloc_heap_set_reserved_spans(heap, span, reserved_spans,
reserved_count);
}
return span;
}
//! Map in memory pages for the given number of spans (or use previously
//! reserved pages)
static span_t *_rpmalloc_span_map(heap_t *heap, size_t span_count) {
if (span_count <= heap->spans_reserved)
return _rpmalloc_span_map_from_reserve(heap, span_count);
span_t *span = 0;
int use_global_reserve =
(_memory_page_size > _memory_span_size) ||
(_memory_span_map_count > _memory_heap_reserve_count);
if (use_global_reserve) {
// If huge pages, make sure only one thread maps more memory to avoid bloat
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&_memory_global_lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
if (_memory_global_reserve_count >= span_count) {
size_t reserve_count =
(!heap->spans_reserved ? _memory_heap_reserve_count : span_count);
if (_memory_global_reserve_count < reserve_count)
reserve_count = _memory_global_reserve_count;
span = _rpmalloc_global_get_reserved_spans(reserve_count);
if (span) {
if (reserve_count > span_count) {
span_t *reserved_span = (span_t *)pointer_offset(
span, span_count << _memory_span_size_shift);
_rpmalloc_heap_set_reserved_spans(heap, _memory_global_reserve_master,
reserved_span,
reserve_count - span_count);
}
// Already marked as subspan in _rpmalloc_global_get_reserved_spans
span->span_count = (uint32_t)span_count;
}
}
}
if (!span)
span = _rpmalloc_span_map_aligned_count(heap, span_count);
if (use_global_reserve)
atomic_store32_release(&_memory_global_lock, 0);
return span;
}
//! Unmap memory pages for the given number of spans (or mark as unused if no
//! partial unmappings)
static void _rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert((span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) ||
(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN),
"Span flag corrupted");
rpmalloc_assert(!(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) ||
!(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN),
"Span flag corrupted");
int is_master = !!(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER);
span_t *master =
is_master ? span
: ((span_t *)pointer_offset(
span, -(intptr_t)((uintptr_t)span->offset_from_master *
_memory_span_size)));
rpmalloc_assert(is_master || (span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN),
"Span flag corrupted");
rpmalloc_assert(master->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER, "Span flag corrupted");
size_t span_count = span->span_count;
if (!is_master) {
// Directly unmap subspans (unless huge pages, in which case we defer and
// unmap entire page range with master)
rpmalloc_assert(span->align_offset == 0, "Span align offset corrupted");
if (_memory_span_size >= _memory_page_size)
_rpmalloc_unmap(span, span_count * _memory_span_size, 0, 0);
} else {
// Special double flag to denote an unmapped master
// It must be kept in memory since span header must be used
span->flags |=
SPAN_FLAG_MASTER | SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN | SPAN_FLAG_UNMAPPED_MASTER;
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&_unmapped_master_spans, 1);
}
if (atomic_add32(&master->remaining_spans, -(int32_t)span_count) <= 0) {
// Everything unmapped, unmap the master span with release flag to unmap the
// entire range of the super span
rpmalloc_assert(!!(master->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) &&
!!(master->flags & SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN),
"Span flag corrupted");
size_t unmap_count = master->span_count;
if (_memory_span_size < _memory_page_size)
unmap_count = master->total_spans;
_rpmalloc_stat_sub(&_master_spans, 1);
_rpmalloc_stat_sub(&_unmapped_master_spans, 1);
_rpmalloc_unmap(master, unmap_count * _memory_span_size,
master->align_offset,
(size_t)master->total_spans * _memory_span_size);
}
}
//! Move the span (used for small or medium allocations) to the heap thread
//! cache
static void _rpmalloc_span_release_to_cache(heap_t *heap, span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert(heap == span->heap, "Span heap pointer corrupted");
rpmalloc_assert(span->size_class < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT,
"Invalid span size class");
rpmalloc_assert(span->span_count == 1, "Invalid span count");
#if ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE || ENABLE_STATISTICS
atomic_decr32(&heap->span_use[0].current);
#endif
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->size_class_use[span->size_class].spans_current);
if (!heap->finalize) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[0].spans_to_cache);
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->size_class_use[span->size_class].spans_to_cache);
if (heap->size_class[span->size_class].cache)
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap,
heap->size_class[span->size_class].cache);
heap->size_class[span->size_class].cache = span;
} else {
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
}
}
//! Initialize a (partial) free list up to next system memory page, while
//! reserving the first block as allocated, returning number of blocks in list
static uint32_t free_list_partial_init(void **list, void **first_block,
void *page_start, void *block_start,
uint32_t block_count,
uint32_t block_size) {
rpmalloc_assert(block_count, "Internal failure");
*first_block = block_start;
if (block_count > 1) {
void *free_block = pointer_offset(block_start, block_size);
void *block_end =
pointer_offset(block_start, (size_t)block_size * block_count);
// If block size is less than half a memory page, bound init to next memory
// page boundary
if (block_size < (_memory_page_size >> 1)) {
void *page_end = pointer_offset(page_start, _memory_page_size);
if (page_end < block_end)
block_end = page_end;
}
*list = free_block;
block_count = 2;
void *next_block = pointer_offset(free_block, block_size);
while (next_block < block_end) {
*((void **)free_block) = next_block;
free_block = next_block;
++block_count;
next_block = pointer_offset(next_block, block_size);
}
*((void **)free_block) = 0;
} else {
*list = 0;
}
return block_count;
}
//! Initialize an unused span (from cache or mapped) to be new active span,
//! putting the initial free list in heap class free list
static void *_rpmalloc_span_initialize_new(heap_t *heap,
heap_size_class_t *heap_size_class,
span_t *span, uint32_t class_idx) {
rpmalloc_assert(span->span_count == 1, "Internal failure");
size_class_t *size_class = _memory_size_class + class_idx;
span->size_class = class_idx;
span->heap = heap;
span->flags &= ~SPAN_FLAG_ALIGNED_BLOCKS;
span->block_size = size_class->block_size;
span->block_count = size_class->block_count;
span->free_list = 0;
span->list_size = 0;
atomic_store_ptr_release(&span->free_list_deferred, 0);
// Setup free list. Only initialize one system page worth of free blocks in
// list
void *block;
span->free_list_limit =
free_list_partial_init(&heap_size_class->free_list, &block, span,
pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE),
size_class->block_count, size_class->block_size);
// Link span as partial if there remains blocks to be initialized as free
// list, or full if fully initialized
if (span->free_list_limit < span->block_count) {
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(&heap_size_class->partial_span, span);
span->used_count = span->free_list_limit;
} else {
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(&heap->full_span[class_idx], span);
#endif
++heap->full_span_count;
span->used_count = span->block_count;
}
return block;
}
static void _rpmalloc_span_extract_free_list_deferred(span_t *span) {
// We need acquire semantics on the CAS operation since we are interested in
// the list size Refer to _rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_small_or_medium for
// further comments on this dependency
do {
span->free_list =
atomic_exchange_ptr_acquire(&span->free_list_deferred, INVALID_POINTER);
} while (span->free_list == INVALID_POINTER);
span->used_count -= span->list_size;
span->list_size = 0;
atomic_store_ptr_release(&span->free_list_deferred, 0);
}
static int _rpmalloc_span_is_fully_utilized(span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert(span->free_list_limit <= span->block_count,
"Span free list corrupted");
return !span->free_list && (span->free_list_limit >= span->block_count);
}
static int _rpmalloc_span_finalize(heap_t *heap, size_t iclass, span_t *span,
span_t **list_head) {
void *free_list = heap->size_class[iclass].free_list;
span_t *class_span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)free_list & _memory_span_mask);
if (span == class_span) {
// Adopt the heap class free list back into the span free list
void *block = span->free_list;
void *last_block = 0;
while (block) {
last_block = block;
block = *((void **)block);
}
uint32_t free_count = 0;
block = free_list;
while (block) {
++free_count;
block = *((void **)block);
}
if (last_block) {
*((void **)last_block) = free_list;
} else {
span->free_list = free_list;
}
heap->size_class[iclass].free_list = 0;
span->used_count -= free_count;
}
// If this assert triggers you have memory leaks
rpmalloc_assert(span->list_size == span->used_count, "Memory leak detected");
if (span->list_size == span->used_count) {
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->span_use[0].current);
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_current);
// This function only used for spans in double linked lists
if (list_head)
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(list_head, span);
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
////////////
///
/// Global cache
///
//////
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
//! Finalize a global cache
static void _rpmalloc_global_cache_finalize(global_cache_t *cache) {
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&cache->lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < cache->count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(cache->span[ispan]);
cache->count = 0;
while (cache->overflow) {
span_t *span = cache->overflow;
cache->overflow = span->next;
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
}
atomic_store32_release(&cache->lock, 0);
}
static void _rpmalloc_global_cache_insert_spans(span_t **span,
size_t span_count,
size_t count) {
const size_t cache_limit =
(span_count == 1) ? GLOBAL_CACHE_MULTIPLIER * MAX_THREAD_SPAN_CACHE
: GLOBAL_CACHE_MULTIPLIER *
(MAX_THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE - (span_count >> 1));
global_cache_t *cache = &_memory_span_cache[span_count - 1];
size_t insert_count = count;
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&cache->lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
cache->insert_count += count;
#endif
if ((cache->count + insert_count) > cache_limit)
insert_count = cache_limit - cache->count;
memcpy(cache->span + cache->count, span, sizeof(span_t *) * insert_count);
cache->count += (uint32_t)insert_count;
#if ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE
while (insert_count < count) {
#else
// Enable unlimited cache if huge pages, or we will leak since it is unlikely
// that an entire huge page will be unmapped, and we're unable to partially
// decommit a huge page
while ((_memory_page_size > _memory_span_size) && (insert_count < count)) {
#endif
span_t *current_span = span[insert_count++];
current_span->next = cache->overflow;
cache->overflow = current_span;
}
atomic_store32_release(&cache->lock, 0);
span_t *keep = 0;
for (size_t ispan = insert_count; ispan < count; ++ispan) {
span_t *current_span = span[ispan];
// Keep master spans that has remaining subspans to avoid dangling them
if ((current_span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) &&
(atomic_load32(&current_span->remaining_spans) >
(int32_t)current_span->span_count)) {
current_span->next = keep;
keep = current_span;
} else {
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(current_span);
}
}
if (keep) {
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&cache->lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
size_t islot = 0;
while (keep) {
for (; islot < cache->count; ++islot) {
span_t *current_span = cache->span[islot];
if (!(current_span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) ||
((current_span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) &&
(atomic_load32(&current_span->remaining_spans) <=
(int32_t)current_span->span_count))) {
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(current_span);
cache->span[islot] = keep;
break;
}
}
if (islot == cache->count)
break;
keep = keep->next;
}
if (keep) {
span_t *tail = keep;
while (tail->next)
tail = tail->next;
tail->next = cache->overflow;
cache->overflow = keep;
}
atomic_store32_release(&cache->lock, 0);
}
}
static size_t _rpmalloc_global_cache_extract_spans(span_t **span,
size_t span_count,
size_t count) {
global_cache_t *cache = &_memory_span_cache[span_count - 1];
size_t extract_count = 0;
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&cache->lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
cache->extract_count += count;
#endif
size_t want = count - extract_count;
if (want > cache->count)
want = cache->count;
memcpy(span + extract_count, cache->span + (cache->count - want),
sizeof(span_t *) * want);
cache->count -= (uint32_t)want;
extract_count += want;
while ((extract_count < count) && cache->overflow) {
span_t *current_span = cache->overflow;
span[extract_count++] = current_span;
cache->overflow = current_span->next;
}
#if ENABLE_ASSERTS
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < extract_count; ++ispan) {
rpmalloc_assert(span[ispan]->span_count == span_count,
"Global cache span count mismatch");
}
#endif
atomic_store32_release(&cache->lock, 0);
return extract_count;
}
#endif
////////////
///
/// Heap control
///
//////
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_huge(span_t *);
//! Store the given spans as reserve in the given heap
static void _rpmalloc_heap_set_reserved_spans(heap_t *heap, span_t *master,
span_t *reserve,
size_t reserve_span_count) {
heap->span_reserve_master = master;
heap->span_reserve = reserve;
heap->spans_reserved = (uint32_t)reserve_span_count;
}
//! Adopt the deferred span cache list, optionally extracting the first single
//! span for immediate re-use
static void _rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap_t *heap,
span_t **single_span) {
span_t *span = (span_t *)((void *)atomic_exchange_ptr_acquire(
&heap->span_free_deferred, 0));
while (span) {
span_t *next_span = (span_t *)span->free_list;
rpmalloc_assert(span->heap == heap, "Span heap pointer corrupted");
if (EXPECTED(span->size_class < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT)) {
rpmalloc_assert(heap->full_span_count, "Heap span counter corrupted");
--heap->full_span_count;
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->span_use[0].spans_deferred);
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(&heap->full_span[span->size_class],
span);
#endif
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->span_use[0].current);
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->size_class_use[span->size_class].spans_current);
if (single_span && !*single_span)
*single_span = span;
else
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
} else {
if (span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_HUGE) {
_rpmalloc_deallocate_huge(span);
} else {
rpmalloc_assert(span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_LARGE,
"Span size class invalid");
rpmalloc_assert(heap->full_span_count, "Heap span counter corrupted");
--heap->full_span_count;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(&heap->large_huge_span, span);
#endif
uint32_t idx = span->span_count - 1;
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->span_use[idx].spans_deferred);
_rpmalloc_stat_dec(&heap->span_use[idx].current);
if (!idx && single_span && !*single_span)
*single_span = span;
else
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
}
}
span = next_span;
}
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_unmap(heap_t *heap) {
if (!heap->master_heap) {
if ((heap->finalize > 1) && !atomic_load32(&heap->child_count)) {
span_t *span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)heap & _memory_span_mask);
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
}
} else {
if (atomic_decr32(&heap->master_heap->child_count) == 0) {
_rpmalloc_heap_unmap(heap->master_heap);
}
}
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_global_finalize(heap_t *heap) {
if (heap->finalize++ > 1) {
--heap->finalize;
return;
}
_rpmalloc_heap_finalize(heap);
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
span_cache_t *span_cache;
if (!iclass)
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
else
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (iclass - 1));
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < span_cache->count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[ispan]);
span_cache->count = 0;
}
#endif
if (heap->full_span_count) {
--heap->finalize;
return;
}
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
if (heap->size_class[iclass].free_list ||
heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span) {
--heap->finalize;
return;
}
}
// Heap is now completely free, unmap and remove from heap list
size_t list_idx = (size_t)heap->id % HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE;
heap_t *list_heap = _memory_heaps[list_idx];
if (list_heap == heap) {
_memory_heaps[list_idx] = heap->next_heap;
} else {
while (list_heap->next_heap != heap)
list_heap = list_heap->next_heap;
list_heap->next_heap = heap->next_heap;
}
_rpmalloc_heap_unmap(heap);
}
//! Insert a single span into thread heap cache, releasing to global cache if
//! overflow
static void _rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap_t *heap, span_t *span) {
if (UNEXPECTED(heap->finalize != 0)) {
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
_rpmalloc_heap_global_finalize(heap);
return;
}
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
size_t span_count = span->span_count;
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_to_cache);
if (span_count == 1) {
span_cache_t *span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
span_cache->span[span_cache->count++] = span;
if (span_cache->count == MAX_THREAD_SPAN_CACHE) {
const size_t remain_count =
MAX_THREAD_SPAN_CACHE - THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER;
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&heap->thread_to_global,
THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER * _memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_to_global,
THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER);
_rpmalloc_global_cache_insert_spans(span_cache->span + remain_count,
span_count,
THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER);
#else
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[remain_count + ispan]);
#endif
span_cache->count = remain_count;
}
} else {
size_t cache_idx = span_count - 2;
span_large_cache_t *span_cache = heap->span_large_cache + cache_idx;
span_cache->span[span_cache->count++] = span;
const size_t cache_limit =
(MAX_THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE - (span_count >> 1));
if (span_cache->count == cache_limit) {
const size_t transfer_limit = 2 + (cache_limit >> 2);
const size_t transfer_count =
(THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE_TRANSFER <= transfer_limit
? THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE_TRANSFER
: transfer_limit);
const size_t remain_count = cache_limit - transfer_count;
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&heap->thread_to_global,
transfer_count * span_count * _memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_to_global,
transfer_count);
_rpmalloc_global_cache_insert_spans(span_cache->span + remain_count,
span_count, transfer_count);
#else
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < transfer_count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[remain_count + ispan]);
#endif
span_cache->count = remain_count;
}
}
#else
(void)sizeof(heap);
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
#endif
}
//! Extract the given number of spans from the different cache levels
static span_t *_rpmalloc_heap_thread_cache_extract(heap_t *heap,
size_t span_count) {
span_t *span = 0;
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
span_cache_t *span_cache;
if (span_count == 1)
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
else
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (span_count - 2));
if (span_cache->count) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_from_cache);
return span_cache->span[--span_cache->count];
}
#endif
return span;
}
static span_t *_rpmalloc_heap_thread_cache_deferred_extract(heap_t *heap,
size_t span_count) {
span_t *span = 0;
if (span_count == 1) {
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, &span);
} else {
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, 0);
span = _rpmalloc_heap_thread_cache_extract(heap, span_count);
}
return span;
}
static span_t *_rpmalloc_heap_reserved_extract(heap_t *heap,
size_t span_count) {
if (heap->spans_reserved >= span_count)
return _rpmalloc_span_map(heap, span_count);
return 0;
}
//! Extract a span from the global cache
static span_t *_rpmalloc_heap_global_cache_extract(heap_t *heap,
size_t span_count) {
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
span_cache_t *span_cache;
size_t wanted_count;
if (span_count == 1) {
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
wanted_count = THREAD_SPAN_CACHE_TRANSFER;
} else {
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (span_count - 2));
wanted_count = THREAD_SPAN_LARGE_CACHE_TRANSFER;
}
span_cache->count = _rpmalloc_global_cache_extract_spans(
span_cache->span, span_count, wanted_count);
if (span_cache->count) {
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&heap->global_to_thread,
span_count * span_cache->count * _memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_from_global,
span_cache->count);
return span_cache->span[--span_cache->count];
}
#else
span_t *span = 0;
size_t count = _rpmalloc_global_cache_extract_spans(&span, span_count, 1);
if (count) {
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&heap->global_to_thread,
span_count * count * _memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&heap->span_use[span_count - 1].spans_from_global,
count);
return span;
}
#endif
#endif
(void)sizeof(heap);
(void)sizeof(span_count);
return 0;
}
static void _rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap_t *heap, size_t span_count,
uint32_t class_idx) {
(void)sizeof(heap);
(void)sizeof(span_count);
(void)sizeof(class_idx);
#if ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE || ENABLE_STATISTICS
uint32_t idx = (uint32_t)span_count - 1;
uint32_t current_count =
(uint32_t)atomic_incr32(&heap->span_use[idx].current);
if (current_count > (uint32_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[idx].high))
atomic_store32(&heap->span_use[idx].high, (int32_t)current_count);
_rpmalloc_stat_add_peak(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_current, 1,
heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_peak);
#endif
}
//! Get a span from one of the cache levels (thread cache, reserved, global
//! cache) or fallback to mapping more memory
static span_t *
_rpmalloc_heap_extract_new_span(heap_t *heap,
heap_size_class_t *heap_size_class,
size_t span_count, uint32_t class_idx) {
span_t *span;
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
if (heap_size_class && heap_size_class->cache) {
span = heap_size_class->cache;
heap_size_class->cache =
(heap->span_cache.count
? heap->span_cache.span[--heap->span_cache.count]
: 0);
_rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap, span_count, class_idx);
return span;
}
#endif
(void)sizeof(class_idx);
// Allow 50% overhead to increase cache hits
size_t base_span_count = span_count;
size_t limit_span_count =
(span_count > 2) ? (span_count + (span_count >> 1)) : span_count;
if (limit_span_count > LARGE_CLASS_COUNT)
limit_span_count = LARGE_CLASS_COUNT;
do {
span = _rpmalloc_heap_thread_cache_extract(heap, span_count);
if (EXPECTED(span != 0)) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_from_cache);
_rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap, span_count, class_idx);
return span;
}
span = _rpmalloc_heap_thread_cache_deferred_extract(heap, span_count);
if (EXPECTED(span != 0)) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_from_cache);
_rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap, span_count, class_idx);
return span;
}
span = _rpmalloc_heap_global_cache_extract(heap, span_count);
if (EXPECTED(span != 0)) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_from_cache);
_rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap, span_count, class_idx);
return span;
}
span = _rpmalloc_heap_reserved_extract(heap, span_count);
if (EXPECTED(span != 0)) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_from_reserved);
_rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap, span_count, class_idx);
return span;
}
++span_count;
} while (span_count <= limit_span_count);
// Final fallback, map in more virtual memory
span = _rpmalloc_span_map(heap, base_span_count);
_rpmalloc_inc_span_statistics(heap, base_span_count, class_idx);
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->size_class_use[class_idx].spans_map_calls);
return span;
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_initialize(heap_t *heap) {
_rpmalloc_memset_const(heap, 0, sizeof(heap_t));
// Get a new heap ID
heap->id = 1 + atomic_incr32(&_memory_heap_id);
// Link in heap in heap ID map
size_t list_idx = (size_t)heap->id % HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE;
heap->next_heap = _memory_heaps[list_idx];
_memory_heaps[list_idx] = heap;
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_orphan(heap_t *heap, int first_class) {
heap->owner_thread = (uintptr_t)-1;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
heap_t **heap_list =
(first_class ? &_memory_first_class_orphan_heaps : &_memory_orphan_heaps);
#else
(void)sizeof(first_class);
heap_t **heap_list = &_memory_orphan_heaps;
#endif
heap->next_orphan = *heap_list;
*heap_list = heap;
}
//! Allocate a new heap from newly mapped memory pages
static heap_t *_rpmalloc_heap_allocate_new(void) {
// Map in pages for a 16 heaps. If page size is greater than required size for
// this, map a page and use first part for heaps and remaining part for spans
// for allocations. Adds a lot of complexity, but saves a lot of memory on
// systems where page size > 64 spans (4MiB)
size_t heap_size = sizeof(heap_t);
size_t aligned_heap_size = 16 * ((heap_size + 15) / 16);
size_t request_heap_count = 16;
size_t heap_span_count = ((aligned_heap_size * request_heap_count) +
sizeof(span_t) + _memory_span_size - 1) /
_memory_span_size;
size_t block_size = _memory_span_size * heap_span_count;
size_t span_count = heap_span_count;
span_t *span = 0;
// If there are global reserved spans, use these first
if (_memory_global_reserve_count >= heap_span_count) {
span = _rpmalloc_global_get_reserved_spans(heap_span_count);
}
if (!span) {
if (_memory_page_size > block_size) {
span_count = _memory_page_size / _memory_span_size;
block_size = _memory_page_size;
// If using huge pages, make sure to grab enough heaps to avoid
// reallocating a huge page just to serve new heaps
size_t possible_heap_count =
(block_size - sizeof(span_t)) / aligned_heap_size;
if (possible_heap_count >= (request_heap_count * 16))
request_heap_count *= 16;
else if (possible_heap_count < request_heap_count)
request_heap_count = possible_heap_count;
heap_span_count = ((aligned_heap_size * request_heap_count) +
sizeof(span_t) + _memory_span_size - 1) /
_memory_span_size;
}
size_t align_offset = 0;
span = (span_t *)_rpmalloc_mmap(block_size, &align_offset);
if (!span)
return 0;
// Master span will contain the heaps
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&_master_spans);
_rpmalloc_span_initialize(span, span_count, heap_span_count, align_offset);
}
size_t remain_size = _memory_span_size - sizeof(span_t);
heap_t *heap = (heap_t *)pointer_offset(span, sizeof(span_t));
_rpmalloc_heap_initialize(heap);
// Put extra heaps as orphans
size_t num_heaps = remain_size / aligned_heap_size;
if (num_heaps < request_heap_count)
num_heaps = request_heap_count;
atomic_store32(&heap->child_count, (int32_t)num_heaps - 1);
heap_t *extra_heap = (heap_t *)pointer_offset(heap, aligned_heap_size);
while (num_heaps > 1) {
_rpmalloc_heap_initialize(extra_heap);
extra_heap->master_heap = heap;
_rpmalloc_heap_orphan(extra_heap, 1);
extra_heap = (heap_t *)pointer_offset(extra_heap, aligned_heap_size);
--num_heaps;
}
if (span_count > heap_span_count) {
// Cap reserved spans
size_t remain_count = span_count - heap_span_count;
size_t reserve_count =
(remain_count > _memory_heap_reserve_count ? _memory_heap_reserve_count
: remain_count);
span_t *remain_span =
(span_t *)pointer_offset(span, heap_span_count * _memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_heap_set_reserved_spans(heap, span, remain_span, reserve_count);
if (remain_count > reserve_count) {
// Set to global reserved spans
remain_span = (span_t *)pointer_offset(remain_span,
reserve_count * _memory_span_size);
reserve_count = remain_count - reserve_count;
_rpmalloc_global_set_reserved_spans(span, remain_span, reserve_count);
}
}
return heap;
}
static heap_t *_rpmalloc_heap_extract_orphan(heap_t **heap_list) {
heap_t *heap = *heap_list;
*heap_list = (heap ? heap->next_orphan : 0);
return heap;
}
//! Allocate a new heap, potentially reusing a previously orphaned heap
static heap_t *_rpmalloc_heap_allocate(int first_class) {
heap_t *heap = 0;
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&_memory_global_lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
if (first_class == 0)
heap = _rpmalloc_heap_extract_orphan(&_memory_orphan_heaps);
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
if (!heap)
heap = _rpmalloc_heap_extract_orphan(&_memory_first_class_orphan_heaps);
#endif
if (!heap)
heap = _rpmalloc_heap_allocate_new();
atomic_store32_release(&_memory_global_lock, 0);
if (heap)
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, 0);
return heap;
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_release(void *heapptr, int first_class,
int release_cache) {
heap_t *heap = (heap_t *)heapptr;
if (!heap)
return;
// Release thread cache spans back to global cache
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, 0);
if (release_cache || heap->finalize) {
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
span_cache_t *span_cache;
if (!iclass)
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
else
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (iclass - 1));
if (!span_cache->count)
continue;
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
if (heap->finalize) {
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < span_cache->count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[ispan]);
} else {
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&heap->thread_to_global, span_cache->count *
(iclass + 1) *
_memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_global,
span_cache->count);
_rpmalloc_global_cache_insert_spans(span_cache->span, iclass + 1,
span_cache->count);
}
#else
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < span_cache->count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[ispan]);
#endif
span_cache->count = 0;
}
#endif
}
if (get_thread_heap_raw() == heap)
set_thread_heap(0);
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
atomic_decr32(&_memory_active_heaps);
rpmalloc_assert(atomic_load32(&_memory_active_heaps) >= 0,
"Still active heaps during finalization");
#endif
// If we are forcibly terminating with _exit the state of the
// lock atomic is unknown and it's best to just go ahead and exit
if (get_thread_id() != _rpmalloc_main_thread_id) {
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&_memory_global_lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
}
_rpmalloc_heap_orphan(heap, first_class);
atomic_store32_release(&_memory_global_lock, 0);
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_release_raw(void *heapptr, int release_cache) {
_rpmalloc_heap_release(heapptr, 0, release_cache);
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_release_raw_fc(void *heapptr) {
_rpmalloc_heap_release_raw(heapptr, 1);
}
static void _rpmalloc_heap_finalize(heap_t *heap) {
if (heap->spans_reserved) {
span_t *span = _rpmalloc_span_map(heap, heap->spans_reserved);
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span);
heap->spans_reserved = 0;
}
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, 0);
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
if (heap->size_class[iclass].cache)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(heap->size_class[iclass].cache);
heap->size_class[iclass].cache = 0;
span_t *span = heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span;
while (span) {
span_t *next = span->next;
_rpmalloc_span_finalize(heap, iclass, span,
&heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span);
span = next;
}
// If class still has a free list it must be a full span
if (heap->size_class[iclass].free_list) {
span_t *class_span =
(span_t *)((uintptr_t)heap->size_class[iclass].free_list &
_memory_span_mask);
span_t **list = 0;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
list = &heap->full_span[iclass];
#endif
--heap->full_span_count;
if (!_rpmalloc_span_finalize(heap, iclass, class_span, list)) {
if (list)
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(list, class_span);
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(
&heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span, class_span);
}
}
}
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
span_cache_t *span_cache;
if (!iclass)
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
else
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (iclass - 1));
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < span_cache->count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[ispan]);
span_cache->count = 0;
}
#endif
rpmalloc_assert(!atomic_load_ptr(&heap->span_free_deferred),
"Heaps still active during finalization");
}
////////////
///
/// Allocation entry points
///
//////
//! Pop first block from a free list
static void *free_list_pop(void **list) {
void *block = *list;
*list = *((void **)block);
return block;
}
//! Allocate a small/medium sized memory block from the given heap
static void *_rpmalloc_allocate_from_heap_fallback(
heap_t *heap, heap_size_class_t *heap_size_class, uint32_t class_idx) {
span_t *span = heap_size_class->partial_span;
rpmalloc_assume(heap != 0);
if (EXPECTED(span != 0)) {
rpmalloc_assert(span->block_count ==
_memory_size_class[span->size_class].block_count,
"Span block count corrupted");
rpmalloc_assert(!_rpmalloc_span_is_fully_utilized(span),
"Internal failure");
void *block;
if (span->free_list) {
// Span local free list is not empty, swap to size class free list
block = free_list_pop(&span->free_list);
heap_size_class->free_list = span->free_list;
span->free_list = 0;
} else {
// If the span did not fully initialize free list, link up another page
// worth of blocks
void *block_start = pointer_offset(
span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE +
((size_t)span->free_list_limit * span->block_size));
span->free_list_limit += free_list_partial_init(
&heap_size_class->free_list, &block,
(void *)((uintptr_t)block_start & ~(_memory_page_size - 1)),
block_start, span->block_count - span->free_list_limit,
span->block_size);
}
rpmalloc_assert(span->free_list_limit <= span->block_count,
"Span block count corrupted");
span->used_count = span->free_list_limit;
// Swap in deferred free list if present
if (atomic_load_ptr(&span->free_list_deferred))
_rpmalloc_span_extract_free_list_deferred(span);
// If span is still not fully utilized keep it in partial list and early
// return block
if (!_rpmalloc_span_is_fully_utilized(span))
return block;
// The span is fully utilized, unlink from partial list and add to fully
// utilized list
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_pop_head(&heap_size_class->partial_span,
span);
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(&heap->full_span[class_idx], span);
#endif
++heap->full_span_count;
return block;
}
// Find a span in one of the cache levels
span = _rpmalloc_heap_extract_new_span(heap, heap_size_class, 1, class_idx);
if (EXPECTED(span != 0)) {
// Mark span as owned by this heap and set base data, return first block
return _rpmalloc_span_initialize_new(heap, heap_size_class, span,
class_idx);
}
return 0;
}
//! Allocate a small sized memory block from the given heap
static void *_rpmalloc_allocate_small(heap_t *heap, size_t size) {
rpmalloc_assert(heap, "No thread heap");
// Small sizes have unique size classes
const uint32_t class_idx =
(uint32_t)((size + (SMALL_GRANULARITY - 1)) >> SMALL_GRANULARITY_SHIFT);
heap_size_class_t *heap_size_class = heap->size_class + class_idx;
_rpmalloc_stat_inc_alloc(heap, class_idx);
if (EXPECTED(heap_size_class->free_list != 0))
return free_list_pop(&heap_size_class->free_list);
return _rpmalloc_allocate_from_heap_fallback(heap, heap_size_class,
class_idx);
}
//! Allocate a medium sized memory block from the given heap
static void *_rpmalloc_allocate_medium(heap_t *heap, size_t size) {
rpmalloc_assert(heap, "No thread heap");
// Calculate the size class index and do a dependent lookup of the final class
// index (in case of merged classes)
const uint32_t base_idx =
(uint32_t)(SMALL_CLASS_COUNT +
((size - (SMALL_SIZE_LIMIT + 1)) >> MEDIUM_GRANULARITY_SHIFT));
const uint32_t class_idx = _memory_size_class[base_idx].class_idx;
heap_size_class_t *heap_size_class = heap->size_class + class_idx;
_rpmalloc_stat_inc_alloc(heap, class_idx);
if (EXPECTED(heap_size_class->free_list != 0))
return free_list_pop(&heap_size_class->free_list);
return _rpmalloc_allocate_from_heap_fallback(heap, heap_size_class,
class_idx);
}
//! Allocate a large sized memory block from the given heap
static void *_rpmalloc_allocate_large(heap_t *heap, size_t size) {
rpmalloc_assert(heap, "No thread heap");
// Calculate number of needed max sized spans (including header)
// Since this function is never called if size > LARGE_SIZE_LIMIT
// the span_count is guaranteed to be <= LARGE_CLASS_COUNT
size += SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
size_t span_count = size >> _memory_span_size_shift;
if (size & (_memory_span_size - 1))
++span_count;
// Find a span in one of the cache levels
span_t *span =
_rpmalloc_heap_extract_new_span(heap, 0, span_count, SIZE_CLASS_LARGE);
if (!span)
return span;
// Mark span as owned by this heap and set base data
rpmalloc_assert(span->span_count >= span_count, "Internal failure");
span->size_class = SIZE_CLASS_LARGE;
span->heap = heap;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(&heap->large_huge_span, span);
#endif
++heap->full_span_count;
return pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
}
//! Allocate a huge block by mapping memory pages directly
static void *_rpmalloc_allocate_huge(heap_t *heap, size_t size) {
rpmalloc_assert(heap, "No thread heap");
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, 0);
size += SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
size_t num_pages = size >> _memory_page_size_shift;
if (size & (_memory_page_size - 1))
++num_pages;
size_t align_offset = 0;
span_t *span =
(span_t *)_rpmalloc_mmap(num_pages * _memory_page_size, &align_offset);
if (!span)
return span;
// Store page count in span_count
span->size_class = SIZE_CLASS_HUGE;
span->span_count = (uint32_t)num_pages;
span->align_offset = (uint32_t)align_offset;
span->heap = heap;
_rpmalloc_stat_add_peak(&_huge_pages_current, num_pages, _huge_pages_peak);
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(&heap->large_huge_span, span);
#endif
++heap->full_span_count;
return pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
}
//! Allocate a block of the given size
static void *_rpmalloc_allocate(heap_t *heap, size_t size) {
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&_allocation_counter, 1);
if (EXPECTED(size <= SMALL_SIZE_LIMIT))
return _rpmalloc_allocate_small(heap, size);
else if (size <= _memory_medium_size_limit)
return _rpmalloc_allocate_medium(heap, size);
else if (size <= LARGE_SIZE_LIMIT)
return _rpmalloc_allocate_large(heap, size);
return _rpmalloc_allocate_huge(heap, size);
}
static void *_rpmalloc_aligned_allocate(heap_t *heap, size_t alignment,
size_t size) {
if (alignment <= SMALL_GRANULARITY)
return _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, size);
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if ((size + alignment) < size) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
if (alignment & (alignment - 1)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
if ((alignment <= SPAN_HEADER_SIZE) &&
((size + SPAN_HEADER_SIZE) < _memory_medium_size_limit)) {
// If alignment is less or equal to span header size (which is power of
// two), and size aligned to span header size multiples is less than size +
// alignment, then use natural alignment of blocks to provide alignment
size_t multiple_size = size ? (size + (SPAN_HEADER_SIZE - 1)) &
~(uintptr_t)(SPAN_HEADER_SIZE - 1)
: SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
rpmalloc_assert(!(multiple_size % SPAN_HEADER_SIZE),
"Failed alignment calculation");
if (multiple_size <= (size + alignment))
return _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, multiple_size);
}
void *ptr = 0;
size_t align_mask = alignment - 1;
if (alignment <= _memory_page_size) {
ptr = _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, size + alignment);
if ((uintptr_t)ptr & align_mask) {
ptr = (void *)(((uintptr_t)ptr & ~(uintptr_t)align_mask) + alignment);
// Mark as having aligned blocks
span_t *span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)ptr & _memory_span_mask);
span->flags |= SPAN_FLAG_ALIGNED_BLOCKS;
}
return ptr;
}
// Fallback to mapping new pages for this request. Since pointers passed
// to rpfree must be able to reach the start of the span by bitmasking of
// the address with the span size, the returned aligned pointer from this
// function must be with a span size of the start of the mapped area.
// In worst case this requires us to loop and map pages until we get a
// suitable memory address. It also means we can never align to span size
// or greater, since the span header will push alignment more than one
// span size away from span start (thus causing pointer mask to give us
// an invalid span start on free)
if (alignment & align_mask) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
if (alignment >= _memory_span_size) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
size_t extra_pages = alignment / _memory_page_size;
// Since each span has a header, we will at least need one extra memory page
size_t num_pages = 1 + (size / _memory_page_size);
if (size & (_memory_page_size - 1))
++num_pages;
if (extra_pages > num_pages)
num_pages = 1 + extra_pages;
size_t original_pages = num_pages;
size_t limit_pages = (_memory_span_size / _memory_page_size) * 2;
if (limit_pages < (original_pages * 2))
limit_pages = original_pages * 2;
size_t mapped_size, align_offset;
span_t *span;
retry:
align_offset = 0;
mapped_size = num_pages * _memory_page_size;
span = (span_t *)_rpmalloc_mmap(mapped_size, &align_offset);
if (!span) {
errno = ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
ptr = pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
if ((uintptr_t)ptr & align_mask)
ptr = (void *)(((uintptr_t)ptr & ~(uintptr_t)align_mask) + alignment);
if (((size_t)pointer_diff(ptr, span) >= _memory_span_size) ||
(pointer_offset(ptr, size) > pointer_offset(span, mapped_size)) ||
(((uintptr_t)ptr & _memory_span_mask) != (uintptr_t)span)) {
_rpmalloc_unmap(span, mapped_size, align_offset, mapped_size);
++num_pages;
if (num_pages > limit_pages) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
goto retry;
}
// Store page count in span_count
span->size_class = SIZE_CLASS_HUGE;
span->span_count = (uint32_t)num_pages;
span->align_offset = (uint32_t)align_offset;
span->heap = heap;
_rpmalloc_stat_add_peak(&_huge_pages_current, num_pages, _huge_pages_peak);
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(&heap->large_huge_span, span);
#endif
++heap->full_span_count;
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&_allocation_counter, 1);
return ptr;
}
////////////
///
/// Deallocation entry points
///
//////
//! Deallocate the given small/medium memory block in the current thread local
//! heap
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_direct_small_or_medium(span_t *span,
void *block) {
heap_t *heap = span->heap;
rpmalloc_assert(heap->owner_thread == get_thread_id() ||
!heap->owner_thread || heap->finalize,
"Internal failure");
// Add block to free list
if (UNEXPECTED(_rpmalloc_span_is_fully_utilized(span))) {
span->used_count = span->block_count;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(&heap->full_span[span->size_class],
span);
#endif
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_add(
&heap->size_class[span->size_class].partial_span, span);
--heap->full_span_count;
}
*((void **)block) = span->free_list;
--span->used_count;
span->free_list = block;
if (UNEXPECTED(span->used_count == span->list_size)) {
// If there are no used blocks it is guaranteed that no other external
// thread is accessing the span
if (span->used_count) {
// Make sure we have synchronized the deferred list and list size by using
// acquire semantics and guarantee that no external thread is accessing
// span concurrently
void *free_list;
do {
free_list = atomic_exchange_ptr_acquire(&span->free_list_deferred,
INVALID_POINTER);
} while (free_list == INVALID_POINTER);
atomic_store_ptr_release(&span->free_list_deferred, free_list);
}
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(
&heap->size_class[span->size_class].partial_span, span);
_rpmalloc_span_release_to_cache(heap, span);
}
}
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_free_span(heap_t *heap, span_t *span) {
if (span->size_class != SIZE_CLASS_HUGE)
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[span->span_count - 1].spans_deferred);
// This list does not need ABA protection, no mutable side state
do {
span->free_list = (void *)atomic_load_ptr(&heap->span_free_deferred);
} while (!atomic_cas_ptr(&heap->span_free_deferred, span, span->free_list));
}
//! Put the block in the deferred free list of the owning span
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_small_or_medium(span_t *span,
void *block) {
// The memory ordering here is a bit tricky, to avoid having to ABA protect
// the deferred free list to avoid desynchronization of list and list size
// we need to have acquire semantics on successful CAS of the pointer to
// guarantee the list_size variable validity + release semantics on pointer
// store
void *free_list;
do {
free_list =
atomic_exchange_ptr_acquire(&span->free_list_deferred, INVALID_POINTER);
} while (free_list == INVALID_POINTER);
*((void **)block) = free_list;
uint32_t free_count = ++span->list_size;
int all_deferred_free = (free_count == span->block_count);
atomic_store_ptr_release(&span->free_list_deferred, block);
if (all_deferred_free) {
// Span was completely freed by this block. Due to the INVALID_POINTER spin
// lock no other thread can reach this state simultaneously on this span.
// Safe to move to owner heap deferred cache
_rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_free_span(span->heap, span);
}
}
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_small_or_medium(span_t *span, void *p) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc_free(span->heap, span->size_class);
if (span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_ALIGNED_BLOCKS) {
// Realign pointer to block start
void *blocks_start = pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
uint32_t block_offset = (uint32_t)pointer_diff(p, blocks_start);
p = pointer_offset(p, -(int32_t)(block_offset % span->block_size));
}
// Check if block belongs to this heap or if deallocation should be deferred
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
int defer =
(span->heap->owner_thread &&
(span->heap->owner_thread != get_thread_id()) && !span->heap->finalize);
#else
int defer =
((span->heap->owner_thread != get_thread_id()) && !span->heap->finalize);
#endif
if (!defer)
_rpmalloc_deallocate_direct_small_or_medium(span, p);
else
_rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_small_or_medium(span, p);
}
//! Deallocate the given large memory block to the current heap
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_large(span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert(span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_LARGE, "Bad span size class");
rpmalloc_assert(!(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) ||
!(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN),
"Span flag corrupted");
rpmalloc_assert((span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) ||
(span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN),
"Span flag corrupted");
// We must always defer (unless finalizing) if from another heap since we
// cannot touch the list or counters of another heap
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
int defer =
(span->heap->owner_thread &&
(span->heap->owner_thread != get_thread_id()) && !span->heap->finalize);
#else
int defer =
((span->heap->owner_thread != get_thread_id()) && !span->heap->finalize);
#endif
if (defer) {
_rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_free_span(span->heap, span);
return;
}
rpmalloc_assert(span->heap->full_span_count, "Heap span counter corrupted");
--span->heap->full_span_count;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(&span->heap->large_huge_span, span);
#endif
#if ENABLE_ADAPTIVE_THREAD_CACHE || ENABLE_STATISTICS
// Decrease counter
size_t idx = span->span_count - 1;
atomic_decr32(&span->heap->span_use[idx].current);
#endif
heap_t *heap = span->heap;
rpmalloc_assert(heap, "No thread heap");
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
const int set_as_reserved =
((span->span_count > 1) && (heap->span_cache.count == 0) &&
!heap->finalize && !heap->spans_reserved);
#else
const int set_as_reserved =
((span->span_count > 1) && !heap->finalize && !heap->spans_reserved);
#endif
if (set_as_reserved) {
heap->span_reserve = span;
heap->spans_reserved = span->span_count;
if (span->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER) {
heap->span_reserve_master = span;
} else { // SPAN_FLAG_SUBSPAN
span_t *master = (span_t *)pointer_offset(
span,
-(intptr_t)((size_t)span->offset_from_master * _memory_span_size));
heap->span_reserve_master = master;
rpmalloc_assert(master->flags & SPAN_FLAG_MASTER, "Span flag corrupted");
rpmalloc_assert(atomic_load32(&master->remaining_spans) >=
(int32_t)span->span_count,
"Master span count corrupted");
}
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&heap->span_use[idx].spans_to_reserved);
} else {
// Insert into cache list
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
}
}
//! Deallocate the given huge span
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate_huge(span_t *span) {
rpmalloc_assert(span->heap, "No span heap");
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
int defer =
(span->heap->owner_thread &&
(span->heap->owner_thread != get_thread_id()) && !span->heap->finalize);
#else
int defer =
((span->heap->owner_thread != get_thread_id()) && !span->heap->finalize);
#endif
if (defer) {
_rpmalloc_deallocate_defer_free_span(span->heap, span);
return;
}
rpmalloc_assert(span->heap->full_span_count, "Heap span counter corrupted");
--span->heap->full_span_count;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_rpmalloc_span_double_link_list_remove(&span->heap->large_huge_span, span);
#endif
// Oversized allocation, page count is stored in span_count
size_t num_pages = span->span_count;
_rpmalloc_unmap(span, num_pages * _memory_page_size, span->align_offset,
num_pages * _memory_page_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_sub(&_huge_pages_current, num_pages);
}
//! Deallocate the given block
static void _rpmalloc_deallocate(void *p) {
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&_deallocation_counter, 1);
// Grab the span (always at start of span, using span alignment)
span_t *span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)p & _memory_span_mask);
if (UNEXPECTED(!span))
return;
if (EXPECTED(span->size_class < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT))
_rpmalloc_deallocate_small_or_medium(span, p);
else if (span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_LARGE)
_rpmalloc_deallocate_large(span);
else
_rpmalloc_deallocate_huge(span);
}
////////////
///
/// Reallocation entry points
///
//////
static size_t _rpmalloc_usable_size(void *p);
//! Reallocate the given block to the given size
static void *_rpmalloc_reallocate(heap_t *heap, void *p, size_t size,
size_t oldsize, unsigned int flags) {
if (p) {
// Grab the span using guaranteed span alignment
span_t *span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)p & _memory_span_mask);
if (EXPECTED(span->size_class < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT)) {
// Small/medium sized block
rpmalloc_assert(span->span_count == 1, "Span counter corrupted");
void *blocks_start = pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
uint32_t block_offset = (uint32_t)pointer_diff(p, blocks_start);
uint32_t block_idx = block_offset / span->block_size;
void *block =
pointer_offset(blocks_start, (size_t)block_idx * span->block_size);
if (!oldsize)
oldsize =
(size_t)((ptrdiff_t)span->block_size - pointer_diff(p, block));
if ((size_t)span->block_size >= size) {
// Still fits in block, never mind trying to save memory, but preserve
// data if alignment changed
if ((p != block) && !(flags & RPMALLOC_NO_PRESERVE))
memmove(block, p, oldsize);
return block;
}
} else if (span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_LARGE) {
// Large block
size_t total_size = size + SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
size_t num_spans = total_size >> _memory_span_size_shift;
if (total_size & (_memory_span_mask - 1))
++num_spans;
size_t current_spans = span->span_count;
void *block = pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
if (!oldsize)
oldsize = (current_spans * _memory_span_size) -
(size_t)pointer_diff(p, block) - SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
if ((current_spans >= num_spans) && (total_size >= (oldsize / 2))) {
// Still fits in block, never mind trying to save memory, but preserve
// data if alignment changed
if ((p != block) && !(flags & RPMALLOC_NO_PRESERVE))
memmove(block, p, oldsize);
return block;
}
} else {
// Oversized block
size_t total_size = size + SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
size_t num_pages = total_size >> _memory_page_size_shift;
if (total_size & (_memory_page_size - 1))
++num_pages;
// Page count is stored in span_count
size_t current_pages = span->span_count;
void *block = pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
if (!oldsize)
oldsize = (current_pages * _memory_page_size) -
(size_t)pointer_diff(p, block) - SPAN_HEADER_SIZE;
if ((current_pages >= num_pages) && (num_pages >= (current_pages / 2))) {
// Still fits in block, never mind trying to save memory, but preserve
// data if alignment changed
if ((p != block) && !(flags & RPMALLOC_NO_PRESERVE))
memmove(block, p, oldsize);
return block;
}
}
} else {
oldsize = 0;
}
if (!!(flags & RPMALLOC_GROW_OR_FAIL))
return 0;
// Size is greater than block size, need to allocate a new block and
// deallocate the old Avoid hysteresis by overallocating if increase is small
// (below 37%)
size_t lower_bound = oldsize + (oldsize >> 2) + (oldsize >> 3);
size_t new_size =
(size > lower_bound) ? size : ((size > oldsize) ? lower_bound : size);
void *block = _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, new_size);
if (p && block) {
if (!(flags & RPMALLOC_NO_PRESERVE))
memcpy(block, p, oldsize < new_size ? oldsize : new_size);
_rpmalloc_deallocate(p);
}
return block;
}
static void *_rpmalloc_aligned_reallocate(heap_t *heap, void *ptr,
size_t alignment, size_t size,
size_t oldsize, unsigned int flags) {
if (alignment <= SMALL_GRANULARITY)
return _rpmalloc_reallocate(heap, ptr, size, oldsize, flags);
int no_alloc = !!(flags & RPMALLOC_GROW_OR_FAIL);
size_t usablesize = (ptr ? _rpmalloc_usable_size(ptr) : 0);
if ((usablesize >= size) && !((uintptr_t)ptr & (alignment - 1))) {
if (no_alloc || (size >= (usablesize / 2)))
return ptr;
}
// Aligned alloc marks span as having aligned blocks
void *block =
(!no_alloc ? _rpmalloc_aligned_allocate(heap, alignment, size) : 0);
if (EXPECTED(block != 0)) {
if (!(flags & RPMALLOC_NO_PRESERVE) && ptr) {
if (!oldsize)
oldsize = usablesize;
memcpy(block, ptr, oldsize < size ? oldsize : size);
}
_rpmalloc_deallocate(ptr);
}
return block;
}
////////////
///
/// Initialization, finalization and utility
///
//////
//! Get the usable size of the given block
static size_t _rpmalloc_usable_size(void *p) {
// Grab the span using guaranteed span alignment
span_t *span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)p & _memory_span_mask);
if (span->size_class < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT) {
// Small/medium block
void *blocks_start = pointer_offset(span, SPAN_HEADER_SIZE);
return span->block_size -
((size_t)pointer_diff(p, blocks_start) % span->block_size);
}
if (span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_LARGE) {
// Large block
size_t current_spans = span->span_count;
return (current_spans * _memory_span_size) - (size_t)pointer_diff(p, span);
}
// Oversized block, page count is stored in span_count
size_t current_pages = span->span_count;
return (current_pages * _memory_page_size) - (size_t)pointer_diff(p, span);
}
//! Adjust and optimize the size class properties for the given class
static void _rpmalloc_adjust_size_class(size_t iclass) {
size_t block_size = _memory_size_class[iclass].block_size;
size_t block_count = (_memory_span_size - SPAN_HEADER_SIZE) / block_size;
_memory_size_class[iclass].block_count = (uint16_t)block_count;
_memory_size_class[iclass].class_idx = (uint16_t)iclass;
// Check if previous size classes can be merged
if (iclass >= SMALL_CLASS_COUNT) {
size_t prevclass = iclass;
while (prevclass > 0) {
--prevclass;
// A class can be merged if number of pages and number of blocks are equal
if (_memory_size_class[prevclass].block_count ==
_memory_size_class[iclass].block_count)
_rpmalloc_memcpy_const(_memory_size_class + prevclass,
_memory_size_class + iclass,
sizeof(_memory_size_class[iclass]));
else
break;
}
}
}
//! Initialize the allocator and setup global data
extern inline int rpmalloc_initialize(void) {
if (_rpmalloc_initialized) {
rpmalloc_thread_initialize();
return 0;
}
return rpmalloc_initialize_config(0);
}
int rpmalloc_initialize_config(const rpmalloc_config_t *config) {
if (_rpmalloc_initialized) {
rpmalloc_thread_initialize();
return 0;
}
_rpmalloc_initialized = 1;
if (config)
memcpy(&_memory_config, config, sizeof(rpmalloc_config_t));
else
_rpmalloc_memset_const(&_memory_config, 0, sizeof(rpmalloc_config_t));
if (!_memory_config.memory_map || !_memory_config.memory_unmap) {
_memory_config.memory_map = _rpmalloc_mmap_os;
_memory_config.memory_unmap = _rpmalloc_unmap_os;
}
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
SYSTEM_INFO system_info;
memset(&system_info, 0, sizeof(system_info));
GetSystemInfo(&system_info);
_memory_map_granularity = system_info.dwAllocationGranularity;
#else
_memory_map_granularity = (size_t)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
#endif
#if RPMALLOC_CONFIGURABLE
_memory_page_size = _memory_config.page_size;
#else
_memory_page_size = 0;
#endif
_memory_huge_pages = 0;
if (!_memory_page_size) {
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
_memory_page_size = system_info.dwPageSize;
#else
_memory_page_size = _memory_map_granularity;
if (_memory_config.enable_huge_pages) {
#if defined(__linux__)
size_t huge_page_size = 0;
FILE *meminfo = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
if (meminfo) {
char line[128];
while (!huge_page_size && fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, meminfo)) {
line[sizeof(line) - 1] = 0;
if (strstr(line, "Hugepagesize:"))
huge_page_size = (size_t)strtol(line + 13, 0, 10) * 1024;
}
fclose(meminfo);
}
if (huge_page_size) {
_memory_huge_pages = 1;
_memory_page_size = huge_page_size;
_memory_map_granularity = huge_page_size;
}
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
int rc;
size_t sz = sizeof(rc);
if (sysctlbyname("vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled", &rc, &sz, NULL, 0) == 0 &&
rc == 1) {
static size_t defsize = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
int nsize = 0;
size_t sizes[4] = {0};
_memory_huge_pages = 1;
_memory_page_size = defsize;
if ((nsize = getpagesizes(sizes, 4)) >= 2) {
nsize--;
for (size_t csize = sizes[nsize]; nsize >= 0 && csize;
--nsize, csize = sizes[nsize]) {
//! Unlikely, but as a precaution..
rpmalloc_assert(!(csize & (csize - 1)) && !(csize % 1024),
"Invalid page size");
if (defsize < csize) {
_memory_page_size = csize;
break;
}
}
}
_memory_map_granularity = _memory_page_size;
}
#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
_memory_huge_pages = 1;
_memory_page_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
_memory_map_granularity = _memory_page_size;
#endif
}
#endif
} else {
if (_memory_config.enable_huge_pages)
_memory_huge_pages = 1;
}
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
if (_memory_config.enable_huge_pages) {
HANDLE token = 0;
size_t large_page_minimum = GetLargePageMinimum();
if (large_page_minimum)
OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(),
TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &token);
if (token) {
LUID luid;
if (LookupPrivilegeValue(0, SE_LOCK_MEMORY_NAME, &luid)) {
TOKEN_PRIVILEGES token_privileges;
memset(&token_privileges, 0, sizeof(token_privileges));
token_privileges.PrivilegeCount = 1;
token_privileges.Privileges[0].Luid = luid;
token_privileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
if (AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, FALSE, &token_privileges, 0, 0, 0)) {
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_SUCCESS)
_memory_huge_pages = 1;
}
}
CloseHandle(token);
}
if (_memory_huge_pages) {
if (large_page_minimum > _memory_page_size)
_memory_page_size = large_page_minimum;
if (large_page_minimum > _memory_map_granularity)
_memory_map_granularity = large_page_minimum;
}
}
#endif
size_t min_span_size = 256;
size_t max_page_size;
#if UINTPTR_MAX > 0xFFFFFFFF
max_page_size = 4096ULL * 1024ULL * 1024ULL;
#else
max_page_size = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
#endif
if (_memory_page_size < min_span_size)
_memory_page_size = min_span_size;
if (_memory_page_size > max_page_size)
_memory_page_size = max_page_size;
_memory_page_size_shift = 0;
size_t page_size_bit = _memory_page_size;
while (page_size_bit != 1) {
++_memory_page_size_shift;
page_size_bit >>= 1;
}
_memory_page_size = ((size_t)1 << _memory_page_size_shift);
#if RPMALLOC_CONFIGURABLE
if (!_memory_config.span_size) {
_memory_span_size = _memory_default_span_size;
_memory_span_size_shift = _memory_default_span_size_shift;
_memory_span_mask = _memory_default_span_mask;
} else {
size_t span_size = _memory_config.span_size;
if (span_size > (256 * 1024))
span_size = (256 * 1024);
_memory_span_size = 4096;
_memory_span_size_shift = 12;
while (_memory_span_size < span_size) {
_memory_span_size <<= 1;
++_memory_span_size_shift;
}
_memory_span_mask = ~(uintptr_t)(_memory_span_size - 1);
}
#endif
_memory_span_map_count =
(_memory_config.span_map_count ? _memory_config.span_map_count
: DEFAULT_SPAN_MAP_COUNT);
if ((_memory_span_size * _memory_span_map_count) < _memory_page_size)
_memory_span_map_count = (_memory_page_size / _memory_span_size);
if ((_memory_page_size >= _memory_span_size) &&
((_memory_span_map_count * _memory_span_size) % _memory_page_size))
_memory_span_map_count = (_memory_page_size / _memory_span_size);
_memory_heap_reserve_count = (_memory_span_map_count > DEFAULT_SPAN_MAP_COUNT)
? DEFAULT_SPAN_MAP_COUNT
: _memory_span_map_count;
_memory_config.page_size = _memory_page_size;
_memory_config.span_size = _memory_span_size;
_memory_config.span_map_count = _memory_span_map_count;
_memory_config.enable_huge_pages = _memory_huge_pages;
#if ((defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__HAIKU__)) && ENABLE_PRELOAD) || \
defined(__TINYC__)
if (pthread_key_create(&_memory_thread_heap, _rpmalloc_heap_release_raw_fc))
return -1;
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK) || !BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK)
fls_key = FlsAlloc(&_rpmalloc_thread_destructor);
#endif
// Setup all small and medium size classes
size_t iclass = 0;
_memory_size_class[iclass].block_size = SMALL_GRANULARITY;
_rpmalloc_adjust_size_class(iclass);
for (iclass = 1; iclass < SMALL_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
size_t size = iclass * SMALL_GRANULARITY;
_memory_size_class[iclass].block_size = (uint32_t)size;
_rpmalloc_adjust_size_class(iclass);
}
// At least two blocks per span, then fall back to large allocations
_memory_medium_size_limit = (_memory_span_size - SPAN_HEADER_SIZE) >> 1;
if (_memory_medium_size_limit > MEDIUM_SIZE_LIMIT)
_memory_medium_size_limit = MEDIUM_SIZE_LIMIT;
for (iclass = 0; iclass < MEDIUM_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
size_t size = SMALL_SIZE_LIMIT + ((iclass + 1) * MEDIUM_GRANULARITY);
if (size > _memory_medium_size_limit) {
_memory_medium_size_limit =
SMALL_SIZE_LIMIT + (iclass * MEDIUM_GRANULARITY);
break;
}
_memory_size_class[SMALL_CLASS_COUNT + iclass].block_size = (uint32_t)size;
_rpmalloc_adjust_size_class(SMALL_CLASS_COUNT + iclass);
}
_memory_orphan_heaps = 0;
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
_memory_first_class_orphan_heaps = 0;
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
atomic_store32(&_memory_active_heaps, 0);
atomic_store32(&_mapped_pages, 0);
_mapped_pages_peak = 0;
atomic_store32(&_master_spans, 0);
atomic_store32(&_mapped_total, 0);
atomic_store32(&_unmapped_total, 0);
atomic_store32(&_mapped_pages_os, 0);
atomic_store32(&_huge_pages_current, 0);
_huge_pages_peak = 0;
#endif
memset(_memory_heaps, 0, sizeof(_memory_heaps));
atomic_store32_release(&_memory_global_lock, 0);
rpmalloc_linker_reference();
// Initialize this thread
rpmalloc_thread_initialize();
return 0;
}
//! Finalize the allocator
void rpmalloc_finalize(void) {
rpmalloc_thread_finalize(1);
// rpmalloc_dump_statistics(stdout);
if (_memory_global_reserve) {
atomic_add32(&_memory_global_reserve_master->remaining_spans,
-(int32_t)_memory_global_reserve_count);
_memory_global_reserve_master = 0;
_memory_global_reserve_count = 0;
_memory_global_reserve = 0;
}
atomic_store32_release(&_memory_global_lock, 0);
// Free all thread caches and fully free spans
for (size_t list_idx = 0; list_idx < HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE; ++list_idx) {
heap_t *heap = _memory_heaps[list_idx];
while (heap) {
heap_t *next_heap = heap->next_heap;
heap->finalize = 1;
_rpmalloc_heap_global_finalize(heap);
heap = next_heap;
}
}
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
// Free global caches
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass)
_rpmalloc_global_cache_finalize(&_memory_span_cache[iclass]);
#endif
#if (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__HAIKU__)) && ENABLE_PRELOAD
pthread_key_delete(_memory_thread_heap);
#endif
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK) || !BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK)
FlsFree(fls_key);
fls_key = 0;
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
// If you hit these asserts you probably have memory leaks (perhaps global
// scope data doing dynamic allocations) or double frees in your code
rpmalloc_assert(atomic_load32(&_mapped_pages) == 0, "Memory leak detected");
rpmalloc_assert(atomic_load32(&_mapped_pages_os) == 0,
"Memory leak detected");
#endif
_rpmalloc_initialized = 0;
}
//! Initialize thread, assign heap
extern inline void rpmalloc_thread_initialize(void) {
if (!get_thread_heap_raw()) {
heap_t *heap = _rpmalloc_heap_allocate(0);
if (heap) {
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&_memory_active_heaps);
set_thread_heap(heap);
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK) || !BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK)
FlsSetValue(fls_key, heap);
#endif
}
}
}
//! Finalize thread, orphan heap
void rpmalloc_thread_finalize(int release_caches) {
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap_raw();
if (heap)
_rpmalloc_heap_release_raw(heap, release_caches);
set_thread_heap(0);
#if defined(_WIN32) && (!defined(BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK) || !BUILD_DYNAMIC_LINK)
FlsSetValue(fls_key, 0);
#endif
}
int rpmalloc_is_thread_initialized(void) {
return (get_thread_heap_raw() != 0) ? 1 : 0;
}
const rpmalloc_config_t *rpmalloc_config(void) { return &_memory_config; }
// Extern interface
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *rpmalloc(size_t size) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if (size >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap();
return _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, size);
}
extern inline void rpfree(void *ptr) { _rpmalloc_deallocate(ptr); }
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *rpcalloc(size_t num, size_t size) {
size_t total;
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
int err = SizeTMult(num, size, &total);
if ((err != S_OK) || (total >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#else
int err = __builtin_umull_overflow(num, size, &total);
if (err || (total >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
#else
total = num * size;
#endif
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap();
void *block = _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, total);
if (block)
memset(block, 0, total);
return block;
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *rprealloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if (size >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE) {
errno = EINVAL;
return ptr;
}
#endif
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap();
return _rpmalloc_reallocate(heap, ptr, size, 0, 0);
}
extern RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *rpaligned_realloc(void *ptr, size_t alignment,
size_t size, size_t oldsize,
unsigned int flags) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if ((size + alignment < size) || (alignment > _memory_page_size)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap();
return _rpmalloc_aligned_reallocate(heap, ptr, alignment, size, oldsize,
flags);
}
extern RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *rpaligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size) {
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap();
return _rpmalloc_aligned_allocate(heap, alignment, size);
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpaligned_calloc(size_t alignment, size_t num, size_t size) {
size_t total;
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
int err = SizeTMult(num, size, &total);
if ((err != S_OK) || (total >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#else
int err = __builtin_umull_overflow(num, size, &total);
if (err || (total >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
#else
total = num * size;
#endif
void *block = rpaligned_alloc(alignment, total);
if (block)
memset(block, 0, total);
return block;
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *rpmemalign(size_t alignment,
size_t size) {
return rpaligned_alloc(alignment, size);
}
extern inline int rpposix_memalign(void **memptr, size_t alignment,
size_t size) {
if (memptr)
*memptr = rpaligned_alloc(alignment, size);
else
return EINVAL;
return *memptr ? 0 : ENOMEM;
}
extern inline size_t rpmalloc_usable_size(void *ptr) {
return (ptr ? _rpmalloc_usable_size(ptr) : 0);
}
extern inline void rpmalloc_thread_collect(void) {}
void rpmalloc_thread_statistics(rpmalloc_thread_statistics_t *stats) {
memset(stats, 0, sizeof(rpmalloc_thread_statistics_t));
heap_t *heap = get_thread_heap_raw();
if (!heap)
return;
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
size_class_t *size_class = _memory_size_class + iclass;
span_t *span = heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span;
while (span) {
size_t free_count = span->list_size;
size_t block_count = size_class->block_count;
if (span->free_list_limit < block_count)
block_count = span->free_list_limit;
free_count += (block_count - span->used_count);
stats->sizecache += free_count * size_class->block_size;
span = span->next;
}
}
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
span_cache_t *span_cache;
if (!iclass)
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
else
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (iclass - 1));
stats->spancache += span_cache->count * (iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size;
}
#endif
span_t *deferred = (span_t *)atomic_load_ptr(&heap->span_free_deferred);
while (deferred) {
if (deferred->size_class != SIZE_CLASS_HUGE)
stats->spancache += (size_t)deferred->span_count * _memory_span_size;
deferred = (span_t *)deferred->free_list;
}
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
stats->thread_to_global = (size_t)atomic_load64(&heap->thread_to_global);
stats->global_to_thread = (size_t)atomic_load64(&heap->global_to_thread);
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
stats->span_use[iclass].current =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].current);
stats->span_use[iclass].peak =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].high);
stats->span_use[iclass].to_global =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_global);
stats->span_use[iclass].from_global =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_from_global);
stats->span_use[iclass].to_cache =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_cache);
stats->span_use[iclass].from_cache =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_from_cache);
stats->span_use[iclass].to_reserved =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_reserved);
stats->span_use[iclass].from_reserved =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_from_reserved);
stats->span_use[iclass].map_calls =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_map_calls);
}
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
stats->size_use[iclass].alloc_current =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_current);
stats->size_use[iclass].alloc_peak =
(size_t)heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_peak;
stats->size_use[iclass].alloc_total =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_total);
stats->size_use[iclass].free_total =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].free_total);
stats->size_use[iclass].spans_to_cache =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_to_cache);
stats->size_use[iclass].spans_from_cache =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_from_cache);
stats->size_use[iclass].spans_from_reserved = (size_t)atomic_load32(
&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_from_reserved);
stats->size_use[iclass].map_calls =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_map_calls);
}
#endif
}
void rpmalloc_global_statistics(rpmalloc_global_statistics_t *stats) {
memset(stats, 0, sizeof(rpmalloc_global_statistics_t));
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
stats->mapped = (size_t)atomic_load32(&_mapped_pages) * _memory_page_size;
stats->mapped_peak = (size_t)_mapped_pages_peak * _memory_page_size;
stats->mapped_total =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_mapped_total) * _memory_page_size;
stats->unmapped_total =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_unmapped_total) * _memory_page_size;
stats->huge_alloc =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_huge_pages_current) * _memory_page_size;
stats->huge_alloc_peak = (size_t)_huge_pages_peak * _memory_page_size;
#endif
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
global_cache_t *cache = &_memory_span_cache[iclass];
while (!atomic_cas32_acquire(&cache->lock, 1, 0))
_rpmalloc_spin();
uint32_t count = cache->count;
#if ENABLE_UNLIMITED_CACHE
span_t *current_span = cache->overflow;
while (current_span) {
++count;
current_span = current_span->next;
}
#endif
atomic_store32_release(&cache->lock, 0);
stats->cached += count * (iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size;
}
#endif
}
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
static void _memory_heap_dump_statistics(heap_t *heap, void *file) {
fprintf(file, "Heap %d stats:\n", heap->id);
fprintf(file, "Class CurAlloc PeakAlloc TotAlloc TotFree BlkSize "
"BlkCount SpansCur SpansPeak PeakAllocMiB ToCacheMiB "
"FromCacheMiB FromReserveMiB MmapCalls\n");
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
if (!atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_total))
continue;
fprintf(
file,
"%3u: %10u %10u %10u %10u %8u %8u %8d %9d %13zu %11zu %12zu %14zu "
"%9u\n",
(uint32_t)iclass,
atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_current),
heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_peak,
atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_total),
atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].free_total),
_memory_size_class[iclass].block_size,
_memory_size_class[iclass].block_count,
atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_current),
heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_peak,
((size_t)heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_peak *
(size_t)_memory_size_class[iclass].block_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_to_cache) *
_memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_from_cache) *
_memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(
&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_from_reserved) *
_memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_map_calls));
}
fprintf(file, "Spans Current Peak Deferred PeakMiB Cached ToCacheMiB "
"FromCacheMiB ToReserveMiB FromReserveMiB ToGlobalMiB "
"FromGlobalMiB MmapCalls\n");
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
if (!atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].high) &&
!atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_map_calls))
continue;
fprintf(
file,
"%4u: %8d %8u %8u %8zu %7u %11zu %12zu %12zu %14zu %11zu %13zu %10u\n",
(uint32_t)(iclass + 1), atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].current),
atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].high),
atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_deferred),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].high) *
(size_t)_memory_span_size * (iclass + 1)) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
(unsigned int)(!iclass ? heap->span_cache.count
: heap->span_large_cache[iclass - 1].count),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_cache) *
(iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_from_cache) *
(iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
#else
0, (size_t)0, (size_t)0,
#endif
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_reserved) *
(iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_from_reserved) *
(iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_global) *
(size_t)_memory_span_size * (iclass + 1)) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
((size_t)atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_from_global) *
(size_t)_memory_span_size * (iclass + 1)) /
(size_t)(1024 * 1024),
atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_map_calls));
}
fprintf(file, "Full spans: %zu\n", heap->full_span_count);
fprintf(file, "ThreadToGlobalMiB GlobalToThreadMiB\n");
fprintf(
file, "%17zu %17zu\n",
(size_t)atomic_load64(&heap->thread_to_global) / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
(size_t)atomic_load64(&heap->global_to_thread) / (size_t)(1024 * 1024));
}
#endif
void rpmalloc_dump_statistics(void *file) {
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
for (size_t list_idx = 0; list_idx < HEAP_ARRAY_SIZE; ++list_idx) {
heap_t *heap = _memory_heaps[list_idx];
while (heap) {
int need_dump = 0;
for (size_t iclass = 0; !need_dump && (iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT);
++iclass) {
if (!atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_total)) {
rpmalloc_assert(
!atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].free_total),
"Heap statistics counter mismatch");
rpmalloc_assert(
!atomic_load32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_map_calls),
"Heap statistics counter mismatch");
continue;
}
need_dump = 1;
}
for (size_t iclass = 0; !need_dump && (iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT);
++iclass) {
if (!atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].high) &&
!atomic_load32(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_map_calls))
continue;
need_dump = 1;
}
if (need_dump)
_memory_heap_dump_statistics(heap, file);
heap = heap->next_heap;
}
}
fprintf(file, "Global stats:\n");
size_t huge_current =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_huge_pages_current) * _memory_page_size;
size_t huge_peak = (size_t)_huge_pages_peak * _memory_page_size;
fprintf(file, "HugeCurrentMiB HugePeakMiB\n");
fprintf(file, "%14zu %11zu\n", huge_current / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
huge_peak / (size_t)(1024 * 1024));
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
fprintf(file, "GlobalCacheMiB\n");
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
global_cache_t *cache = _memory_span_cache + iclass;
size_t global_cache = (size_t)cache->count * iclass * _memory_span_size;
size_t global_overflow_cache = 0;
span_t *span = cache->overflow;
while (span) {
global_overflow_cache += iclass * _memory_span_size;
span = span->next;
}
if (global_cache || global_overflow_cache || cache->insert_count ||
cache->extract_count)
fprintf(file,
"%4zu: %8zuMiB (%8zuMiB overflow) %14zu insert %14zu extract\n",
iclass + 1, global_cache / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
global_overflow_cache / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
cache->insert_count, cache->extract_count);
}
#endif
size_t mapped = (size_t)atomic_load32(&_mapped_pages) * _memory_page_size;
size_t mapped_os =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_mapped_pages_os) * _memory_page_size;
size_t mapped_peak = (size_t)_mapped_pages_peak * _memory_page_size;
size_t mapped_total =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_mapped_total) * _memory_page_size;
size_t unmapped_total =
(size_t)atomic_load32(&_unmapped_total) * _memory_page_size;
fprintf(
file,
"MappedMiB MappedOSMiB MappedPeakMiB MappedTotalMiB UnmappedTotalMiB\n");
fprintf(file, "%9zu %11zu %13zu %14zu %16zu\n",
mapped / (size_t)(1024 * 1024), mapped_os / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
mapped_peak / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
mapped_total / (size_t)(1024 * 1024),
unmapped_total / (size_t)(1024 * 1024));
fprintf(file, "\n");
#if 0
int64_t allocated = atomic_load64(&_allocation_counter);
int64_t deallocated = atomic_load64(&_deallocation_counter);
fprintf(file, "Allocation count: %lli\n", allocated);
fprintf(file, "Deallocation count: %lli\n", deallocated);
fprintf(file, "Current allocations: %lli\n", (allocated - deallocated));
fprintf(file, "Master spans: %d\n", atomic_load32(&_master_spans));
fprintf(file, "Dangling master spans: %d\n", atomic_load32(&_unmapped_master_spans));
#endif
#endif
(void)sizeof(file);
}
#if RPMALLOC_FIRST_CLASS_HEAPS
extern inline rpmalloc_heap_t *rpmalloc_heap_acquire(void) {
// Must be a pristine heap from newly mapped memory pages, or else memory
// blocks could already be allocated from the heap which would (wrongly) be
// released when heap is cleared with rpmalloc_heap_free_all(). Also heaps
// guaranteed to be pristine from the dedicated orphan list can be used.
heap_t *heap = _rpmalloc_heap_allocate(1);
rpmalloc_assume(heap != NULL);
heap->owner_thread = 0;
_rpmalloc_stat_inc(&_memory_active_heaps);
return heap;
}
extern inline void rpmalloc_heap_release(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap) {
if (heap)
_rpmalloc_heap_release(heap, 1, 1);
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpmalloc_heap_alloc(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, size_t size) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if (size >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
return _rpmalloc_allocate(heap, size);
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpmalloc_heap_aligned_alloc(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, size_t alignment,
size_t size) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if (size >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
return _rpmalloc_aligned_allocate(heap, alignment, size);
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpmalloc_heap_calloc(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, size_t num, size_t size) {
return rpmalloc_heap_aligned_calloc(heap, 0, num, size);
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpmalloc_heap_aligned_calloc(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, size_t alignment,
size_t num, size_t size) {
size_t total;
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
#if PLATFORM_WINDOWS
int err = SizeTMult(num, size, &total);
if ((err != S_OK) || (total >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#else
int err = __builtin_umull_overflow(num, size, &total);
if (err || (total >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
#else
total = num * size;
#endif
void *block = _rpmalloc_aligned_allocate(heap, alignment, total);
if (block)
memset(block, 0, total);
return block;
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpmalloc_heap_realloc(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, void *ptr, size_t size,
unsigned int flags) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if (size >= MAX_ALLOC_SIZE) {
errno = EINVAL;
return ptr;
}
#endif
return _rpmalloc_reallocate(heap, ptr, size, 0, flags);
}
extern inline RPMALLOC_ALLOCATOR void *
rpmalloc_heap_aligned_realloc(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, void *ptr,
size_t alignment, size_t size,
unsigned int flags) {
#if ENABLE_VALIDATE_ARGS
if ((size + alignment < size) || (alignment > _memory_page_size)) {
errno = EINVAL;
return 0;
}
#endif
return _rpmalloc_aligned_reallocate(heap, ptr, alignment, size, 0, flags);
}
extern inline void rpmalloc_heap_free(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap, void *ptr) {
(void)sizeof(heap);
_rpmalloc_deallocate(ptr);
}
extern inline void rpmalloc_heap_free_all(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap) {
span_t *span;
span_t *next_span;
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_adopt_deferred(heap, 0);
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
span = heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span;
while (span) {
next_span = span->next;
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
span = next_span;
}
heap->size_class[iclass].partial_span = 0;
span = heap->full_span[iclass];
while (span) {
next_span = span->next;
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
span = next_span;
}
span = heap->size_class[iclass].cache;
if (span)
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
heap->size_class[iclass].cache = 0;
}
memset(heap->size_class, 0, sizeof(heap->size_class));
memset(heap->full_span, 0, sizeof(heap->full_span));
span = heap->large_huge_span;
while (span) {
next_span = span->next;
if (UNEXPECTED(span->size_class == SIZE_CLASS_HUGE))
_rpmalloc_deallocate_huge(span);
else
_rpmalloc_heap_cache_insert(heap, span);
span = next_span;
}
heap->large_huge_span = 0;
heap->full_span_count = 0;
#if ENABLE_THREAD_CACHE
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
span_cache_t *span_cache;
if (!iclass)
span_cache = &heap->span_cache;
else
span_cache = (span_cache_t *)(heap->span_large_cache + (iclass - 1));
if (!span_cache->count)
continue;
#if ENABLE_GLOBAL_CACHE
_rpmalloc_stat_add64(&heap->thread_to_global,
span_cache->count * (iclass + 1) * _memory_span_size);
_rpmalloc_stat_add(&heap->span_use[iclass].spans_to_global,
span_cache->count);
_rpmalloc_global_cache_insert_spans(span_cache->span, iclass + 1,
span_cache->count);
#else
for (size_t ispan = 0; ispan < span_cache->count; ++ispan)
_rpmalloc_span_unmap(span_cache->span[ispan]);
#endif
span_cache->count = 0;
}
#endif
#if ENABLE_STATISTICS
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < SIZE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
atomic_store32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].alloc_current, 0);
atomic_store32(&heap->size_class_use[iclass].spans_current, 0);
}
for (size_t iclass = 0; iclass < LARGE_CLASS_COUNT; ++iclass) {
atomic_store32(&heap->span_use[iclass].current, 0);
}
#endif
}
extern inline void rpmalloc_heap_thread_set_current(rpmalloc_heap_t *heap) {
heap_t *prev_heap = get_thread_heap_raw();
if (prev_heap != heap) {
set_thread_heap(heap);
if (prev_heap)
rpmalloc_heap_release(prev_heap);
}
}
extern inline rpmalloc_heap_t *rpmalloc_get_heap_for_ptr(void *ptr) {
// Grab the span, and then the heap from the span
span_t *span = (span_t *)((uintptr_t)ptr & _memory_span_mask);
if (span) {
return span->heap;
}
return 0;
}
#endif
#if ENABLE_PRELOAD || ENABLE_OVERRIDE
#include "malloc.c"
#endif
void rpmalloc_linker_reference(void) { (void)sizeof(_rpmalloc_initialized); }