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<div class="www_sectiontitle">Open LLVM Projects</div>

<ul>
  <li>Google Summer of Code Ideas & Projects
    <ul>
      <li>
        <a href="#gsoc20">Google Summer of Code 2020</a>
      <ul>
        <li>
          <b>LLVM Core</b>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#llvm_optimized_debugging">Improve debugging of optimized code</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_ipo">Improve inter-procedural analyses and optimizations</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_par">Improve parallelism-aware analyses and optimizations</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_dbg_invariant">Make LLVM passes debug info invariant</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_mergesim">Improve MergeFunctions to incorporate MergeSimilarFunction patches and ThinLTO Support</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_dwarf_yaml2obj">Add DWARF support to yaml2obj</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_hotcold">Improve hot cold splitting to outline maximal SESE/SEME regions</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_pass_order">Advanced Heuristics for Ordering Compiler Optimization Passes</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_ml_scc">Machine learning and compiler optimizations: using inter-procedural analysis to select optimizations</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_postdominators">Add PostDominatorTree in LoopStandardAnalysisResults</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_loopnest">Create loop nest pass</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_instdump">Instruction properties dumper and checker</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_movecode">Unify ways to move code or check if code is safe to be moved</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li><a href="http://clang.llvm.org/"><b>Clang</b></a>
            <ul>
              <li><a href="#clang-template-instantiation-sugar">Extend clang AST to
                provide information for the type as written in template
                instantiations</a>
              </li>
              <li><a href="#clang-sa-cplusplus-checkers">Find null smart pointer dereferences
                                                         with the Static Analyzer</a>
              </li>
            </ul>
          </li>
         <li><a href="http://lldb.llvm.org/"><b>LLDB</b></a></li>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#lldb-autosuggestions">Support autosuggestions in LLDB's command line</a></li>
            <li><a href="#lldb-more-completions">Implement the missing tab completions for LLDB's command line</a></li>
            <li><a href="#lldb-reimplement-lldb-cmdline">Reimplement LLDB's command-line commands using the public SB API.</a></li>
            <li><a href="#lldb-data-formatters">Implement a DSL for LLDB data formatters</a></li>
            <li><a href="#lldb-batch-testing">Add support for batch-testing to the LLDB testsuite.</a></li>
          </ul>
          <li>
            <b>MLIR</b>
            <ul>
              <li>See the <a href="https://mlir.llvm.org/getting_started/openprojects/">MLIR open project list</a></li>
            </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>

      </li>
      <li><a href="#gsoc19">Google Summer of Code 2019</a>
      <ul>
        <li>
          <b>LLVM Core</b>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#debuginfo_codegen_mismatch">Debug Info should have no
              effect on codegen</a></li>
            <li><a href="#llvm_function_attributes">Improve (function) attribute
              inference</a></li>
            <li><a href="#improve_binary_utilities">Improve LLVM binary utilities
            </a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li><a href="http://clang.llvm.org/"><b>Clang</b></a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#clang-astimporter-fuzzer">Implement an ASTImporter
              fuzzer</a>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#improve-autocompletion">Improve shell autocompletion
              for Clang</a>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#analyze-llvm">Apply the Clang Static Analyzer to LLVM-based
              Projects</a>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#header-generation">Generate annotated sources based on
              LLVM-IR analyses</a>
            </li>
            <li><a href="#header-clang-diagnostic">Improve Clang diagnostics</a>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
      <li><a href="#gsoc18">Google Summer of Code 2018</a></li>
      <li><a href="#gsoc17">Google Summer of Code 2017</a></li>
    </ul></li>
  <li><a href="#what">What is this?</a></li>
  <li><a href="#subprojects">LLVM Subprojects: Clang and more</a></li>
  <li><a href="#improving">Improving the current system</a>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#target-desc">Factor out target descriptions</a></li>
    <li><a href="#code-cleanups">Implementing Code Cleanup bugs</a></li>
    <li><a href="#programs">Compile programs with the LLVM Compiler</a></li>
    <li><a href="#llvmtest">Add programs to the llvm-test suite</a></li>
    <li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark the LLVM compiler</a></li>
    <li><a href="#statistics">Benchmark Statistics and Warning System</a></li>
    <li><a href="#coverage">Improving Coverage Reports</a></li>
    <li><a href="#misc_imp">Miscellaneous Improvements</a></li>
  </ol></li>

  <li><a href="#new">Adding new capabilities to LLVM</a>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#llvm_ir">Extend the LLVM intermediate representation</a></li>
    <li><a href="#pointeranalysis">Pointer and Alias Analysis</a></li>
    <li><a href="#profileguided">Profile-Guided Optimization</a></li>
    <li><a href="#compaction">Code Compaction</a></li>
    <li><a href="#xforms">New Transformations and Analyses</a></li>
    <li><a href="#codegen">Code Generator Improvements</a></li>
    <li><a href="#misc_new">Miscellaneous Additions</a></li>
  </ol></li>

  <li><a href="#using">Project using LLVM</a>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#machinemodulepass">Add a MachineModulePass</a></li>
    <li><a href="#encodeanalysis">Encode Analysis Results in MachineInstr IR</a></li>
    <li><a href="#codelayoutjit">Code Layout in the LLVM JIT</a></li>
    <li><a href="#fieldlayout">Improved Structure Splitting and Field Reordering</a></li>
    <li><a href="#slimmer">Finish the Slimmer Project</a></li>
  </ol></li>
</ul>

<div class="doc_author">
  <p>Written by the <a href="/">LLVM Team</a></p>
</div>

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<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="gsoc20">Google Summer of Code 2020</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
  <p>
    Welcome prospective Google Summer of Code 2020 Students! This document is your
    starting point to finding interesting and important projects for LLVM, Clang,
    and other related sub-projects. This list of projects is not only developed for
    Google Summer of Code, but open projects that really need developers to work on
    and are very beneficial for the LLVM community. </p>

  <p>We encourage you to look through this list and see which projects excite you
    and match well with your skill set. We also invite proposals not on this
    list. You must propose your idea to the LLVM community through our
    developers' mailing list (llvm-dev@lists.llvm.org or specific subproject mailing
    list). Feedback from the community is a requirement for your proposal to be
    considered and hopefully accepted.
  </p>

  <p>The LLVM project has participated in Google Summer of Code for several years
    and has had some very successful projects. We hope that this year is no
    different and look forward to hearing your proposals. For information on how to
    submit a proposal, please visit the Google Summer of Code
    main <a href="https://developers.google.com/open-source/gsoc/">website.</a></p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsection">
  <a>LLVM</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_optimized_debugging">Improve debugging of optimized code</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
  <p>
  <b>Description of the project:</b> Debugging optimized code can be
  frustrating. Variables may appear as "&lt;value optimized out&gt;" in the
  debugger, or may not appear at all. Line numbers in stack traces may disappear,
  or worse, become inaccurate. To improve the situation, we have to teach more
  LLVM optimization passes how to preserve debug info. The primary focus will be
  on mid-level IR passes which fail to pass verification by the
  <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D40512">Debugify utility</a>. This utility
  can identify passes which drop debug info in a targeted way and can simplify
  test case generation.
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected Results:</b>This project has two goals. Initially, the student
  will gather metrics on debug info loss for individual llvm passes. This will
  let us measure subsequent improvements. The second goal is to incrementally
  fix as many debug info loss bugs as possible, with a focus on areas of the
  compiler which are the hottest.</p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Vedant Kumar and Davide Italiano</p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b> Intermediate knowledge of C++.</p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_ipo">Improve inter-procedural analyses and optimizations</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    This is a short description, please reach out to Johannes (jdoerfert on IRC)
    if it sounds interesting.

    During the GSoC'19 we build the Attributor framework to improve the
    inter-procedural capabilities of LLVM. This is useful on its own but
    especially in situations where inlining is impossible or undesirable.

    In this GSoC project we will look at capabilities not yet available in the
    Attributor and for the potential to connect the Attributor with existing
    intra- and inter-procedural optimizations.

    In this project there is a lot of freedom to determine the actual tasks but
    we will provide a pool of smaller and medium sized tasks that can be chosen
    from as well.
  </p>

  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b> The Attributor YouTube videos from the
  LLVM Developers Meeting 2019 and the recording of the IPO panel from the same
  meeting. The Attributor framework as well as other existing inter-procedural
  analyses and optimizations in LLVM.</p>

  <p><b>Expected results:</b> Measurable better IPO, especially visible in cases
                              where inlining is not an option or undesirable.</p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Johannes Doerfert</p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b> Intermediate knowledge of C++, self motivation.</p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_par">Improve parallelism-aware analyses and optimizations</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    This is a short description, please reach out to Johannes (jdoerfert on IRC)
    if it sounds interesting.

    With the OpenMPOpt pass (<a href='https://reviews.llvm.org/D69930'>under
      review</a>) we started to teach the LLVM optimization pipeline about
    OpenMP parallelism encoded as OpenMP runtime calls.

    In this GSoC project we will look at capabilities not yet available in the
    OpenMPOpt pass and for the potential to connect existing intra- and
    inter-procedural optimizations, e.g. the Attributor.

    In this project there is a lot of freedom to determine the actual tasks but
    we will provide a pool of smaller and medium sized tasks that can be chosen
    from as well.
  </p>

  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b> The "Optimizing Indirections, using
  abstractions without remorse" video on YouTube from the LLVM Developers
  Meeting 2018. The paper "Compiler Optimizations for OpenMP" and "Compiler
  Optimizations For Parallel Programs" both by J. Doerfert and H. Finkel (the
  slides for these are potentially even more useful).</p>

  <p><b>Expected results:</b> Measurable better performance or program analysis
  results for parallel programs with a focus on OpenMP.</p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Johannes Doerfert</p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b> Intermediate knowledge of C++, self motivation.</p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_dbg_invariant">Make LLVM passes debug info invariant</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    Generating debug information is one of the fundamental tasks a compiler
    typically fulfills. It is clear that executable generated code should not
    depend on the presence of debug information.
    <br><br>
    Unfortunately there are known cases in LLVM were code generation differs
    depending on whether debug information is enabled (`-g`) or not. These kind
    of bugs can lead to bad debug experience ranging from unexpected execution
    behaviour to the point of programs running fine in debug mode while crashing
    without debug information.
    <br><br>
    The issue has likely not a single cause but is triggered during different
    passes on different architectures. One such reason is the insertion of Call
    Frame Information (CFI) in the compiler backend during frame lowering and
    other later passes. The presence of CFI instructions seems to change
    instruction scheduling which therefore leads to different generated code.
  </p>

  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
    <ul>
      <li>
        <a href="https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=37728">PR37728</a> is a
        meta-bug that collects several related issues of differing codegen.
      </li>
      <li>
        <a href="https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=37240">PR37240</a> is a
        bug discussing the CFI issue mentioned above.
      </li>
      <li>
        The following
        <a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-September/135433.html">
        RFC</a> discusses some possible mitigation strategies and gives some
        background information on the CFI issue.
      </li>
    </ul>
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results:</b>
    <ul>
    <li>
      Write some tooling based on existing scripts to automatically generate
      examples of differing codegen. This is intended as a starting task to get
      to know the existing LLVM tools, learn to read LLVM's internal outputs etc.
    </li>
    <li>
      Choose one or more (depending on the difficulty) bugs that cause codegen
      differences and try to provide patches to fix them. We would be
      particularly interested in the mentioned CFI issue but working on some of
      the other related bugs is also absolutely fine.
    </li>
    </ul>
  </p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b> Paul Robinson and David Tellenbach</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++, some familarity with general computer
    architecture, some familarity with the x86 or Arm/AArch64 instruction set.
  </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_mergesim">Improve MergeFunctions to incorporate MergeSimilarFunction patches and ThinLTO Support</a>
</div>
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 <div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b> MergeSimilarFunctions pass is able to
    merge not just identical functions, but also functions with small differences in
    their instructions to reduce code size. It does this by inserting control flow
    and an additional argument in the merged function to account for the
    differences.

    This work was presented at
    the <a href="http://llvm.org/devmtg/2013-11/#talk3">LLVM Dev Meeting in
    2013</a> A more detailed description was published in a paper at
    <a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2597811">LCTES 2014</a>. The code
    was released to the community at the time. Meanwhile, the pass has been in
    production use at QuIC for the past few years and has been actively
    maintained internally. In order to magnify the impact of
    MergeSimilarFunctions, it has been ported to ThinLTO and the patches have
    been upstreamed (see stack of 5 patches mentioned below). But instead of
    replacing the existing MergeFunctions pass in LLVM-upstream the community
    suggested we improve the existing one with the ideas from
    MergeSimilarFunctions.  And then leverage the ThinLTO on top of that. The
    MergeSimilarFunction used in ThinLTO gives impressive code size reduction
    across a wide range of workloads and the work was presented at
    <a href="https://llvm.org/devmtg/2018-10/talk-abstracts.html#talk2">LLVM-dev
    2018</a>. The LLVM project would greatly benefit from this code size
    optimization as most embedded systems (think SmartPhones) applications are
    constrained on code-size.
  </p>
  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
  <ul>
    <li>
      Stack of patches:
      <ul>
        <li>
          <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D52896">MergeSimilarFunctions 1/n: a code size pass to merge functions with small differences</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D52898">[Porting MergeSimilarFunctions 2/n] Changes to DataLayout</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D52966">[Merge SImilar Function ThinLTO 3/n] Add hash code to function summary</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D53253">[Merge SImilar Function ThinLTO 4/n] Make merge function decisions before the thin-lto stage</a>
        </li>
        <li>
          <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D53254">[Merge SImilar Function ThinLTO 5/n] Set up similar function to be imported</a>
        </li>
      </ul>
      The paches can be easily applied to LLVM-trunk and would give a developer a decent head start ;).
    </li>
    <li>List of llvm-dev mailing list posts on previous discussions around Merge Functions
      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-January/129835.html">Link1</li>
        <li><a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-March/131066.html">Link2</li>
        <li><a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-February/129863.html">Link3</li>
        <li><a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-January/129832.html">Link4</li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2597811">The original paper: LCTES 2014</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://llvm.org/devmtg/2018-10/talk-abstracts.html#talk2">Video and slides of the presentation</a>
    </li>
  </ul>
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results:</b>
    <ul>
      <li>
	Improve MergeFunctions to have feature parity with MergeSimilarFunctions.
      </li>
      <li>
	Enable MergeFunctions to ThinLTO.
      </li>
    </ul>
  </p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>Aditya Kumar (hiraditya on IRC and phabricator)</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Course on compiler design, SSA Representation,
    Intermediate knowledge of C++, Familiarity with LLVM Core.
  </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_dwarf_yaml2obj">Add DWARF support to yaml2obj</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    LLVM provides a tool called yaml2obj which coverts a YAML document into an
    object file, for various different file formats such as ELF, COFF and
    Mach-O, along with obj2yaml which does the inverse. The tool is commonly
    used to test parts of LLVM, as YAML is often easier to use to describe an
    object file than raw assembly and more maintainable than a pre-built binary.
    DWARF is a debugging file format commonly used by LLVM. Many of the tests
    for LLVM’s DWARF emission are written in assembly, but it would be nicer to
    write them in YAML. However, yaml2obj does not properly support emission of
    DWARF sections. This project is to add functionality to yaml2obj to make
    writing test inputs for DWARF tests simpler, particularly for ELF objects.
  </p>

  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
    Reading up on the DWARF file format will be useful, in particular the
    standards available at http://dwarfstd.org/Download.php. Also, familiarising
    yourself with the basics of the ELF file format, as described here
    https://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/contents.html, may be beneficial.
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results:</b>
    The ability to use yaml2obj to generate DWARF sections for object files.
    Particularly important is ensuring the input YAML can be more easily
    understood than the equivalent assembly.
  </p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b> James Henderson</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_hotcold">Improve hot cold splitting to outline maximal SESE/SEME regions</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
 <p><b>Description of the project:</b> Hot Cold Splitting in LLVM is an IR level
   function splitting transformation. The goal of hot/cold splitting is to improve
   the memory locality of code and helps reduce startup working set. The splitting pass
   does this by identifying cold blocks and moving them into separate functions. Because it
   is implemented at the IR level all the back end target benefit from it.

   It is a relatively new optimization and it was recently presented at
   the <a href="https://llvm.org/devmtg/2019-10/talk-abstracts.html#tech8">LLVM Dev Meeting in
   2019</a> and the slides are <a href="https://llvm.org/devmtg/2019-10/slides/Kumar-HotColdSplitting.pdf">here</a>
   Currently, hot cold splitting works as a greedy algorithm where a region found
   by first cold basic block is given preference. When a new region is found which
   intersects with an existing region, the new region is dropped. One approach
   would be to first run an analysis pass to find a set of SESE/SEME regions and do
   some bookkeeping to detect the most profitable ones. The goal should be to not
   regress and keep the compile time linear. There are fast algorithms to detect
   SESE regions as illustrated in
   (http://impact.gforge.inria.fr/impact2016/papers/impact2016-kumar.pdf), we can
   additionally leverage the existing RegionInfo as well if that has acceptable
   compilation time complexity.
 </p>
 <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
 <ul>
   <li>
     <a href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2019-January/129606.html">Update on hot cold splitting</a>
   </li>
   <li>
     The following two papers provide earlier work on hot cold splitting. While these papers are a good start, LLVM's
     HCS has completely different implementation in two aspects a) It is implemented at IR level and outlines basic
     blocks as function rather than naked branches. b) It is based on regions and outlines a set of basic blocks.
     <ul>
       <li>
         <a href="http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~fischer/cs701.f05/code.positioning.pdf">Original paper on hot cold splitting by
           Pettis and Hansen.</a>Section 5 on procedure splitting is interesting one. It has nice examples ;) to help
         understand why HCS works.
       </li>
       <li>
         <a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15745-s07/www/papers/p80-cohn.pdf">Paper on hot cold
           splitting</a> The paper provides some details on one approach to split functions. This is helpful to get a
         different perspective and may help get new ideas.
       </li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
     <a href="https://llvm.org/devmtg/2019-10/talk-abstracts.html#tech8">Video and slides of the presentation</a>
   </li>
 </ul>
 </p>
 <p><b>Expected results:</b>
   <ul>
     <li>
       Improve Hot Cold Splitting to detect maximal SEME regions without incurring super linear compile time overhead.
       In case compile time overhead becomes quadratic, come up with a cost model to detect when quadratic behavior
       gets triggered and bail out based on a compiler flag.
     </li>
   </ul>
 </p>

 <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>Aditya Kumar (hiraditya on IRC and phabricator)</p>

 <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
   Course on compiler design, SSA Representation,
   Intermediate knowledge of C++, Familiarity with LLVM Core.
 </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_pass_order">Advanced Heuristics for Ordering Compiler Optimization Passes</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
 <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
Selecting optimization passes for given application is very important but
non-trivial problem because of the huge size of the compiler transformation
space (incl. pass ordering). While the existing heuristics can provide high
performance code for certain applications, they cannot easily benefit a wide
range of application codes. The goal of the project is to learn the interplay
between LLVM transformation passes and code structures, then improve the
existing heuristics (or replace the heuristics with machine learning-based
models) so that the LLVM compiler can provide a superior order of the passes
customized per application.
 </p>
 <p><b>Expected results (possibilities):</b>
 <ul>
   <li>
Insights about (implicit) dependences between existing passes.
   </li>
   <li>
New pass pipelines (think -O3a, -O3b, ...) selectable by the user that tend to perform substantially better on certain kinds of programs.
   </li>
   <li>
An improved LLVM pass heuristic or new machine learning-based models that can select
the best order for LLVM transformation passes based on code structures.
   </li>
  </ul>
 </p>

 <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>EJ Park, Giorgis Georgakoudis, Johannes Doerfert</p>

 <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    C++, Python, experience with LLVM and learning-based prediction preferable.
 </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_ml_scc">Machine learning and compiler optimizations: using inter-procedural analysis to select optimizations</a>
</div>
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<div class="www_text">
 <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
Current machine learning models for compiler optimization select the best
optimization strategies for functions based on isolated per function analysis.
In this approach, the constructed models are not aware of any relationships
with other functions around it (callers or callees) which can be helpful to
decide the best optimization strategies for each function. In this project, we
want to explore the SCC (Strongly Connected Components) call graph to add
inter-procedural features in constructing machine learning-based models to find
the best optimization strategies per function. Moreover, we want to explore the
case that it is helpful to group strongly related functions together and
optimize them as a group, instead of per function.
 </p>
 <p><b>Expected results (possibilities):</b>
 <ul>
   <li>
Improved heuristics for existing (inter-procedural) passes, e.g. to weight inlining versus function cloning based on code features.
   </li>
   <li>
Machine learning models to select the best optimizations using code features
and inter-procedural analysis. This model can be used for functions in
isolation or groups of functions, e.g., CGSCCs.
   </li>
 </ul>
 </p>

 <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>EJ Park, Giorgis Georgakoudis, Johannes Doerfert</p>

 <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    C++, Python, experience with LLVM and learning-based prediction preferable.
 </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_postdominators"></a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    There is currently no easy way to use the result of
    PostDominatorTreeAnalysis in a loop pass, as PostDominatorTreeAnalysis is a
    function analysis, and it is not included in LoopStandardAnalysisResults. If one adds
    PostDominatorTreeAnalysis in LoopStandardAnalysisResults, then all loop passes
    need to preserve it, meaning that all loop passes need to make sure the result is up to
    date. In this project, we want to modify some commonly used utilities to generate a
    list of updates, which can be consume by different updaters, e.g. DomTreeUpdater to
    update DominatorTree and PostDominatorTree, and MSSAU to update MemorySSA,
    etc, instead of only updating the DominatorTree. In additional, we want to change
    existing loop passes to preserve the PostDominatorTree. Finally, adding
    PostDominatorTree in LoopStandardAnalysisResults.
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results (possibilities):</b>
    PostDominatorTree added in LoopStandardAnalysisResults, and
    can be used by loop passes. More common utilities change to generate list of updates
    to be easily obtained by different updaters.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>
    Whitney Tsang, Ettore Tiotto, Bardia Mahjour
  </p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++, self-motivation.
  </p>
  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
    <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/rL336163"></a>
    <a href="http://llvm.org/doxygen/classllvm_1_1DomTreeUpdater.html"></a>
    <a href="https://llvm.org/doxygen/classllvm_1_1PostDominatorTreeAnalysis.html"></a>
    <a href="http://llvm.org/doxygen/structllvm_1_1LoopStandardAnalysisResults.html"></a>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_loopnest">Create LoopNest Pass</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    Currently if you want to write a pass that works on a loop
    nest, you have to pick from either a function pass or a loop pass. If you chose to write
    it as a function pass, then you lose the ability to add loops dynamically back to the
    pipeline. If you decide to write it as a loop pass, then you are wasting compile time to
    traverse to your pass and return right away when the given loop is not the outermost
    loop. In this project, we want to create a LoopNestPass, where transformations
    intended for loop nest can inherit from it, and have the same ability as the LoopPass to
    dynamically add loops to the pipeline. In addition, create all the adaptors requires to
    add loop nest passes at different points of the pass builder.
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results (possibilities):</b>
    Transformations/Analyses can be written as LoopNestPass,
    without compromising compile time or usability.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>
    Whitney Tsang, Ettore Tiotto
  </p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++, self-motivation.
  </p>
  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
    <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/D68789"</a>
    <a href="https://llvm.org/doxygen/classllvm_1_1PassBuilder.html"</a>
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_instdump">Instruction properties dumper and checker</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    TableGen is flexible and allow the end-user to define and set common properties of
    records (instructions). Every target has dozens or hundreds of such instruction
    properties. As target code evolve, the td files become more and more complicated,
    it become harder to see whether the setting of some properties is necessary, even
    correct or not. eg: whether hasSideEffects property is correctly set on all
    instructions?

    One can manually search through the TableGen-generated files; or write some
    script to run TableGen and matching the output for some specific properties, but a
    standalone utility that can dump and check instruction properties
    systematically (eg: also allow target to define some verification rules) might be
    better from a build-process-management standpoint. This can help to find quite
    some hidden bugs and hence improve the overall codegen code quality. In
    addition, the utility can be used to write regression tests for instruction
    properties, which will increase the quality and precision of LLVM's
    regression tests.
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results (possibilities):</b>
    A standalone llvm tool or utility that can dump and check instruction properties systematically
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>
    Hal Finkel, Jinsong Ji , Qingshan Zhang
  </p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++, self-motivation.
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_movecode">Unify ways to move code or check if code is safe to be moved</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
    Determining whether it is safe to move code around is
    implemented in several transformations in LLVM (e.g. canSinkOrHoistInst in LICM,
    or makeLoopInvariant in Loop). Each of these implementations may return different
    results for a given query, making code motion safety checks inconsistent and
    duplicated. On the other hand, the mechanism for doing the actual code motion is also
    different in each transformation. Code duplication causes maintenance problems and
    increases the time taken to write new transformation. In this project, we want to first
    identify all the existing ways in loop transformations (could be function or loop pass)
    to check if code is safe to move, and to move code, and create a standardize way to do
    so.
  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results (possibilities):</b>
    A standardize/superset of all the existing ways in loop
    transformations of checking if code is safe to be moved and to move <code class=""></code>
  </p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentors:</b>
    Whitney Tsang, Ettore Tiotto, Bardia Mahjour
  </p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++, self-motivation.
  </p>
  <p><b>Preparation resources:</b>
    <a href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/master/llvm/include/llvm/Transforms/Utils/CodeMoverUtils.h"></a>
    <a href="https://llvm.org/doxygen/LICM_8cpp_source.html"></a>
    <a href="https://llvm.org/doxygen/classllvm_1_1Loop.html"></a>
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsection">
  <a>MLIR</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
<p>All the items in the list of
<a href="https://mlir.llvm.org/getting_started/openprojects/">open projects</a>
are opened to GSOC. Feel free to propose your own ideas as well on
<a href="https://llvm.discourse.group/c/llvm-project/mlir">Discourse</a>.
</p></div>


<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsection">
  <a>Clang</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="clang-template-instantiation-sugar">Extend clang AST to provide
    information for the type as written in template instantiations.</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b>
    When instantiating a template, the template arguments are canonicalized
    before being substituted into the template pattern. Clang does not preserve
    type sugar when subsequently accessing members of the instantiation.

    <pre>
    std::vector&lt;std::string&gt; vs;
    int n = vs.front(); // bad diagnostic: [...] aka 'std::basic_string&lt;char&gt;' [...]

    template&lt;typename T&gt; struct Id { typedef T type; };
    Id&lt;size_t&gt;::type // just 'unsigned long', 'size_t' sugar has been lost
    </pre>

    Clang should "re-sugar" the type when performing member access on a class
    template specialization, based on the type sugar of the accessed
    specialization. The type of vs.front() should be std::string, not
    std::basic_string&lt;char, [...]&gt;.
    <br /> <br />
    Suggested design approach: add a new type node to represent template
    argument sugar, and implicitly create an instance of this node whenever a
    member of a class template specialization is accessed. When performing a
    single-step desugar of this node, lazily create the desugared representation
    by propagating the sugared template arguments onto inner type nodes (and in
    particular, replacing Subst*Parm nodes with the corresponding sugar). When
    printing the type for diagnostic purposes, use the annotated type sugar to
    print the type as originally written.
    <br /> <br />
    For good results, template argument deduction will also need to be able to
    deduce type sugar (and reconcile cases where the same type is deduced twice
    with different sugar).
  </p>

  <p><b>Expected results: </b>
    Diagnostics preserve type sugar even when accessing members of a template
    specialization. T&lt;unsigned long&gt; and T&lt;size_t&gt; are still the
    same type and the same template instantiation, but
    T&lt;unsigned long&gt;::type single-step desugars to 'unsigned long' and
    T&lt;size_t&gt;::type single-step desugars to 'size_t'.</p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Vassil Vassilev, Richard Smith</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Good knowledge of clang API, clang's AST, intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>


<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="clang-sa-cplusplus-checkers">Find null smart pointer dereferences
                                        with the Static Analyzer</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b>
    The Clang Static Analyzer already knows how to prevent crashes caused by
    null pointer dereference in arbitrary code, however it often "gives up"
    when the code is too complicated. In particular, implementation details
    of C++ standard classes, even simple ones such as smart pointers
    or optionals, may be too convoluted for the Analyzer to fully understand.
    Moreover, the exact behavior depends on which implementation of
    the Standard Library is used (e.g., GNU libstdc++ or LLVM's own libc++).
  </p>
  <p>
    We can enable the Analyzer to find more bugs in modern C++ code
    by teaching it explicitly about the behavior of C++ standard classes,
    and therefore skipping the whole process in which the Analyzer
    tries to understand all the implementation details on its own.
    For example, we could teach it that a default-constructed smart pointer
    is null, and any attempt to dereference it would result in a crash.
    The project would therefore consist in manually providing implementations
    for various methods of standard classes.
  </p>

  <p><b>Expected results: </b>
    We want the Static Analyzer to emit warnings when a null smart pointer
    dereference would occur in the code. For example:
    <pre>
    #include &lt;memory&gt;

    int foo(bool flag) {
      std::unique_ptr&lt;int&gt; x;  <i>// note: Default constructor produces a null unique pointer;</i>

      if (flag)                <i>// note: Assuming 'flag' is false;</i>
        return 0;              <i>// note: Taking false branch</i>

      return *x;               <i>// warning: Dereferenced smart pointer 'x' is null.</i>
    }
    </pre>
    We should be able to cover at least one class fully, for example, <tt>std::unique_ptr</tt>,
    and then see if we can generalize our results to other classes, such as <tt>std::shared_ptr</tt>
    or the C++17 <tt>std::optional</tt>.
  </p>


  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Artem Dergachev, Gábor Horváth</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>


<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsection">
  <a>LLDB</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="lldb-autosuggestions">Support autosuggestions in LLDB's command line</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b> LLDB's command line offers several convenience
    features that are inspired by features of UNIX shells such as tab completions or a command history.
    One feature that is not implemented yet are 'autosuggestions'. These are suggestions
    for possible commands that the user might want to type, but unlike tab completions they
    are displayed directly behind the cursor while the user is typing a command. A good demonstration
    how this could look like are the autosuggestions implemented in <a href="https://fishshell.com">fish shell</a>.
  </p>
  <p>
    This project is about implementing autosuggestions in LLDB's editline-based command shell.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b>
    <a href="mailto:teemperor@gmail.com,jonas@devlieghere.com?subject=[GSoC]%20Autosuggestions">Jonas Devlieghere and Raphael Isemann</a></p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="lldb-more-completions">Implement the missing tab completions for LLDB's command line</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b> LLDB's command line offers several convenience
    features that are inspired by features of UNIX shells such as tab completions for commands.
    These tab completions are implemented by a completion engine that is not only used by the
    command line interface of LLDB, but also by graphical interfaces for LLDB such as IDEs.

    While the tab completions in LLDB are really useful, they are currently not implemented for
    all commands and their respective arguments. This project is about implementing the remaining
    completions for the commands in LLDB which will greatly improve the user experience of LLDB.
    Improving existing completions is also part of the project.

    Note that the completions are not static list of strings but often require inspecting and
    understanding the internal state of LLDB. As LLDB commands and their tab completions cover
    all aspects of LLDB, this project offers a great way to get an overview of all the functionality
    in LLDB.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b><a href="mailto:teemperor@gmail.com?subject=[GSoC]%20Completions">Raphael Isemann</a></p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>


<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="lldb-reimplement-lldb-cmdline">Reimplement LLDB's command-line commands
  using the public SB API.</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b> Just as LLVM is a library to
    build compilers, LLDB is a library to build debuggers. LLDB vends
    a stable, public SB API. Due to historic reasons the LLDB command
    line interface is currently implemented on top of LLDB's private
    API and it duplicates a lot of functionality that is already
    implemented in the public API. Rewriting LLDB's command line
    interface on top of the public API would simplify the
    implementation, eliminate duplicate code, and most importantly
    reduce the testing surface.
  </p>
  <p>
    This work will also provide an opportunity to clean up the SB API
    of commands that have accrued too many overloads over time and
    convert them to make use of option classes to both gather up all
    the variants and also future-proof the APIs.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b>Adrian Prantl and Jim Ingham</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="lldb-data-formatters">Implement a DSL for LLDB data formatters</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b> LLDB's data formatters allow it to pretty-print objects such as std::vector (from the C++ standard library), or String (from the Swift standard library). These data formatters are implemented in C++ and reside within the debugger, but the data structures are defined in other projects. This means that when the data structures change, lldb's data formatters may not be updated in sync. This also means that it's difficult for projects to define and test custom data formatters for special kinds of objects.  </p>
  <p><b>Expected results: </b> The goal of this project would be to define a DSL which makes it possible to implement lldb data formatters for standard C++ containers. These formatters would be moved into libc++ and tested there. </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Vedant Kumar and Davide Italiano</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of C++.
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="lldb-batch-testing">Add support for batch-testing to the LLDB
    testsuite.</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b>One of the tensions in the
    testsuite is that spinning up a process and getting it to some
    point is not a cheap operation, so you'd like to do a bunch of
    tests when you get there.  But the current testsuite bails at the
    first failure, so you don't want to do many tests since the
    failure of one fails all the others. On the other hand, there are
    some individual test assertions where the failure of the assertion
    <em>should</em> cause the whole test to fail.  For example, if you
    fail to stop at a breakpoint where you want to check some variable
    values, then the whole test should fail.  But if your test then
    wants to check the value of five independent locals, it should be
    able to do all five, and then report how many of the five variable
    assertions failed. We could do this by adding <em>Start</em>
    and <em>End</em> markers for a batch of tests, do all the tests in
    the batch without failing the whole test, and then report the
    error and fail the whole test if appropriate. There might also be
    a nice way to do this in Python using scoped objects for the test
    sections.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Jim Ingham</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
    Intermediate knowledge of Python.
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="gsoc19">Google Summer of Code 2019</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p>Google Summer of Code 2019 contributed a lot to the LLVM project. For the list of
    accepted and completed projects, please take a look into Google Summer of Code
    <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2019/organizations/5682474363912192/">website.
    </a></p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsection">
  <a>LLVM</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="debuginfo_codegen_mismatch">Debug Info should have no
          effect on codegen</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project:</b>
	  Adding Debug Info (compiling with `clang -g`) shouldn't change the
	  generated code at all. Unfortunately we have bugs. These are usually not
	  too hard to fix and a good way to discover new part of the codebase!
	  We suggest building object files both ways and disassembling the
          text sections, which will give cleaner diffs than comparing .s files.
  </p>

  <p><b>Expected results:</b> Reduced test cases, bug reports with analysis
          (e.g., which pass is responsible), possibly patches.</p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Paul Robinson</p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b> Intermediate knowledge of C++, some familiarity
        with x86 or ARM instruction set.</p>
</div>


<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsection">
  <a>Clang</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="clang-astimporter-fuzzer">Implement an ASTImporter fuzzer</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b>
    Clang contains an ASTImporter which allows moving declarations and
    statements from one Clang AST to another. This is for example used for
    static analysis across translation units and in LLDB's expression
    evaluator.
  </p>
  <p>
    The current ASTImporter works as intended when moving simple C code from
    one AST to another. However, more complicated declarations such as C++'s
    OOP features and templates are not fully implemented and can cause crashes
    or invalid AST nodes. The bug reports related to these crashes are often
    filed against LLDB's expression evaluator and are rarely submited with a
    minimal reproducer. This makes improving ASTImporter a time-consuming and
    tedious task.
  </p>
  <p>
    This project is about writing a fuzzer to proactively discover these
    ASTImporter bugs and provide minimal reproducers which make understanding
    and fixing the underlying bug easier.
  </p>
  <p>
    A possible implementation of such a fuzzer and driver could look like this:

  <ul>
    <li>Generate some source code that can be imported (either fully randomly
        or based on existing source code from a user-given code corpus).</li>
    <li>Import randomly a few declarations from this AST. The AST in which
        they are imported to can already be populated with declarations.</li>
    <li>Run Clang's code generator over our imported AST.</li>
    <li>If we hit an assert during the import or CodeGen steps we probably
        found an ASTImporter bug.</li>
    <li>The fuzzer driver should now reduce the size of the source code
        until it is as small as possible and still reproduces the crash (e.g.
        by running Creduce with an automatically generated test script).</li>
    <li>The reproducer should now be stored in a format so that it can just be
        copied into Clang's regression test suite for the ASTImporter (see
        the <a href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/tree/master/clang/test/Import">clang/test/Import/</a> directory).
        The reproducer must still reproduce the found bug when run as part
        of the test suite.
        </li>
  </ul>
  This is just one possible approach and students are welcome to submit their
  own ideas on how the fuzzer should operate. Approaches that allow to
  automatically verify more aspects of the imported AST (e.g. the source
  locations of AST nodes, size of RecordDecls) are encouraged. The fuzzer and
  driver should be implemented in C++ and/or Python.
  </p>
  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Raphael Isemann, Shafik Yaghmour</p>
  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b> Intermediate knowledge of C++.</p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="improve-autocompletion">Improve shell autocompletion for Clang</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Description of the project: </b> Clang has a newly implemented autocompletion feature which details can be found at <a href="http://blog.llvm.org/2017/09/clang-bash-better-auto-completion-is.html">LLVM blog</a>. We would like to improve this by adding more flags to autocompletion, supporting more shells (currently it supports only bash) and exporting this feature to other projects such as llvm-opt. Accepted student will be working on Clang Driver, LLVM Options and shell scripts.
  </p>

  <p><b>Expected Results:</b> Autocompletion working on bash and zsh, support llvm-opt options.</p>

  <p><b>Confirmed Mentor:</b> Yuka Takahashi and Vassil Vassilev</p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b>
  Intermediate knowledge of C++ and shell scripting
  </p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="header-clang-diagnostic">Improve Clang Diagnostics</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p><b>Decription:</b>
  Clang diagnostics (warnings and errors) issues to the programmer are a critical
  feature of the compiler. Great diagnostics can have a signifiant impact on the
  user experience of the compiler and increase their productivity.
  </p>

  <p><a href="https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/03/08/usability-improvements-in-gcc-9/">
  Recent improvements in GCC 9.0</a> show that there is significant headroom to
  improve diagnostics (and user interactions in general). It would be a very
  impactful project to survey and identify all the possible improvements to clang
  on this topic, and start resigning the next generation of our diagnostics.
  </p>

  <p><b>Desirable skills:</b> C++ coding experience</p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="gsoc18">Google Summer of Code 2018</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p>Google Summer of Code 2018 contributed a lot to the LLVM project. For the list of
  accepted and completed projects, please take a look into Google Summer of Code
  <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2018/organizations/5263452624912384/">website.
  </a></p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="gsoc17">Google Summer of Code 2017</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">
  <p>Google Summer of Code 2017 contributed a lot to the LLVM project. For the list of
  accepted and completed projects, please take a look into Google Summer of Code
  <a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/archive/2017/organizations/6215410651234304/">website.
  </a></p>
</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="what">What is this?</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">

<p>This document is meant to be a sort of "big TODO list" for LLVM.  Each
project in this document is something that would be useful for LLVM to have, and
would also be a great way to get familiar with the system.  Some of these
projects are small and self-contained, which may be implemented in a couple of
days, others are larger.  Several of these projects may lead to interesting
research projects in their own right.  In any case, we welcome all
contributions.</p>

<p>If you are thinking about tackling one of these projects, please send a mail
to the <a href="http://lists.llvm.org/mailman/listinfo/llvm-dev">LLVM
Developer's</a> mailing list, so that we know the project is being worked on.
Additionally this is a good way to get more information about a specific project
or to suggest other projects to add to this page.
</p>

<p>The projects in this page are open-ended. More specific projects are
filed as unassigned enhancements in the <a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/">
LLVM bug tracker</a>. See the <a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/buglist.cgi?keywords_type=allwords&amp;keywords=&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;bug_severity=enhancement&amp;emailassigned_to1=1&amp;emailtype1=substring&amp;email1=unassigned">list of currently outstanding issues</a> if you wish to help improve LLVM.</p>

</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="subprojects">LLVM Subprojects: Clang and More</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">

<p>In addition to hacking on the main LLVM project, LLVM has several subprojects,
   including Clang and others.  If you are interested in working on these, please
   see their "Open projects" page:</p>

<ul>
<li>The <a href="http://clang.llvm.org/OpenProjects.html">Clang Open
    Projects</a> list.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://polly.llvm.org/projects.html">Polly Open
    Projects</a> list.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://sva.cs.illinois.edu/projects.html">SAFECode Open
    Projects</a> list.</li>
</ul>

</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="improving">Improving the current system</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">

<p>Improvements to the current infrastructure are always very welcome and tend
to be fairly straight-forward to implement.  Here are some of the key areas that
can use improvement...</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="target-desc">Factor out target descriptions</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>Currently, both Clang and LLVM have a separate target description infrastructure,
with some features duplicated, others "shared" (in the sense that Clang has to create
a full LLVM target description to query specific information).</p>

<p>This separation has grown in parallel, since in the beginning they were quite
different and served disparate purposes. But as the compiler evolved, more and
more features had to be shared between the two so that the compiler would behave
properly. An example is when targets have default features on speficic configurations
that don't have flags for. If the back-end has a different "default" behaviour
than the front-end and the latter has no way of enforcing behaviour, it
won't work.</p>

<p>An alternative would be to create flags for all little quirks, but first, Clang
is not the only front-end or tool that uses LLVM's middle/back ends, and second,
that's what "default behaviour" is there for, so we'd be missing the point.</p>

<p>Several ideas have been floating around to fix the Clang driver WRT recognizing
architectures, features and so on (table-gen it, user-specific configuration files,
etc) but none of them touch the critical issue: sharing that information with the
back-end.</p>

<p>Recently, the idea to factor out the target description infrastructure from
both Clang and LLVM into its own library that both use, has been floating around.
This would make sure that all defaults, flags and behaviour are shared, but would
also reduce the complexity (and thus the cost of maintenance) a lot. That would
also allow all tools (lli, llc, lld, lldb, etc) to have the same behaviour
across the board.</p>

<p>The main challenges are:</p>

<ul>
  <li>To make sure the transition doesn't destroy the delicate balance on any
  target, as some defaults are implicit and, some times, unknown.</li>
  <li>To be able to migrate one target at a time, one tool at a time and still
  keep the old infrastructure intact.</li>
  <li>To make it easy for detecting target's features for both front-end and
  back-end features, and to merge both into a coherent set of properties.</li>
  <li>To provide a bridge to the new system for tools that haven't migrated,
  especially the off-the-tree ones, that will need some time (one release,
  at least) to migrate..</li>
</ul>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="code-cleanups">Implementing Code Cleanup bugs</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>
The <a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/">LLVM bug tracker</a> occasionally
has <a
  href="http://bugs.llvm.org/buglist.cgi?short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;short_desc=&amp;long_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;long_desc=&amp;bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;bug_file_loc=&amp;status_whiteboard_type=allwordssubstr&amp;status_whiteboard=&amp;keywords_type=allwords&amp;keywords=code-cleanup&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;emailassigned_to1=1&amp;emailtype1=substring&amp;email1=&amp;emailassigned_to2=1&amp;emailreporter2=1&amp;emailcc2=1&amp;emailtype2=substring&amp;email2=&amp;bugidtype=include&amp;bug_id=&amp;votes=&amp;changedin=&amp;chfieldfrom=&amp;chfieldto=Now&amp;chfieldvalue=&amp;cmdtype=doit&amp;order=Bug+Number&amp;field0-0-0=noop&amp;type0-0-0=noop&amp;value0-0-0=">"code-cleanup" bugs</a> filed in it.
Taking one of these and fixing it is a good way to get your feet wet in the
LLVM code and discover how some of its components work.  Some of these include
some major IR redesign work, which is high-impact because it can simplify a lot
of things in the optimizer.
</p>

<p>
Some specific ones that would be great to have:

<ul>
<li><a href="/PR10367">Fix the design of GlobalAlias to not require dest type to match source type</a></li>
<li><a href="/PR10368">Redesign ConstantExpr's</a></li>
<li><a href="/PR11944">Static constructors should be purged from LLVM</a></li>
</ul>
</p>

<p>Additionally, there are performance improvements in LLVM that need to get
fixed. These are marked with the <tt>slow-compile</tt> keyword. Use
<a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/buglist.cgi?short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;short_desc=&amp;long_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;long_desc=&amp;bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;bug_file_loc=&amp;status_whiteboard_type=allwordssubstr&amp;status_whiteboard=&amp;keywords_type=allwords&amp;keywords=slow-compile&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;emailassigned_to1=1&amp;emailtype1=substring&amp;email1=&amp;emailassigned_to2=1&amp;emailreporter2=1&amp;emailcc2=1&amp;emailtype2=substring&amp;email2=&amp;bugidtype=include&amp;bug_id=&amp;votes=&amp;changedin=&amp;chfieldfrom=&amp;chfieldto=Now&amp;chfieldvalue=&amp;cmdtype=doit&amp;namedcmd=Bugs+I+Fixed&amp;newqueryname=&amp;order=Reuse+same+sort+as+last+time&amp;field0-0-0=noop&amp;type0-0-0=noop&amp;value0-0-0=">this Bugzilla query</a>
to find them.</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvmtest">Add programs to the llvm-test testsuite</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>
The <a href="docs/TestingGuide.html#wholeprograms">llvm-test</a> testsuite is
a large collection of programs we use for nightly testing of generated code
performance, compile times, correctness, etc.  Having a large testsuite gives
us a lot of coverage of programs and enables us to spot and improve any
problem areas in the compiler.</p>

<p>
One extremely useful task, which does not require in-depth knowledge of
compilers, would be to extend our testsuite to include <a href=
"http://nondot.org/sabre/LLVMNotes/#benchmarks">new programs and benchmarks</a>.
In particular, we are interested in cpu-intensive programs that have few
library dependencies, produce some output that can be used for correctness
testing, and that are redistributable in source form.  Many different programs
are suitable, for example, see <a
href="http://nondot.org/sabre/LLVMNotes/#benchmarks">this list</a> for some
potential candidates.
</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="programs">Compile programs with the LLVM Compiler</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>We are always looking for new testcases and benchmarks for use with LLVM.  In
particular, it is useful to try compiling your favorite C source code with LLVM.
If it doesn't compile, try to figure out why or report it to the <a
href="http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-bugs/">llvm-bugs</a> list.  If you
get the program to compile, it would be extremely useful to convert the build
system to be compatible with the LLVM Programs testsuite so that we can check it
into SVN and the automated tester can use it to track progress of the
compiler.</p>

<p>When testing a code, try running it with a variety of optimizations, and with
all the back-ends: CBE, llc, and lli.</p>

</div>


<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="benchmark">Benchmark the LLVM compiler</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>Find benchmarks either using our <a
href="/nightlytest/">test results</a> or on your own,
where LLVM code generators do not produce optimal code or where another
compiler produces better code.  Try to minimize the test case that demonstrates
the issue.  Then, either <a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/">submit a
bug</a> with your testcase and the code that LLVM produces vs. the code that it
<em>should</em> produce, or even better, see if you can improve the code
generator and submit a patch.  The basic idea is that it's generally quite easy
for us to fix performance problems if we know about them, but we generally don't
have the resources to go finding out why performance is bad.</p>

</div>


<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="statistics">Benchmark Statistics and Warning System</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>The <a href='http://llvm.org/perf/db_default/v4/nts/recent_activity'>
LNT perf database</a> has some nice features like detect moving average,
standard deviations, variations, etc. But the report page give too much emphasis
on the individual variation (where noise can be higher than signal), eg.
<a href='http://llvm.org/perf/db_default/v4/nts/graph?plot.0=10.341.3&highlight_run=8943'>
this case</a>.</p>

<p>The first part of the project would be to create an analysis tool that would
track moving averages and report:
<ul>
 <li>If the current result is higher/lower than the previous moving average by
     more than (configurable) S standard deviations</li>
 <li>If the current moving average is more than S standard deviations of the
     Base run</li>
 <li>If the last A moving averages are in constant increase/decrease of more
     than P percent</li>
</ul>

<p>The second part would be to create a web page which would show all related
benchmarks (possibly configurable, like a dashboard) and show the basic statistics
with red/yellow/green colour codes to show status and links to more detailed
analysis of each benchmark.</p>

<p>A possible third part would be to be able to automatically cross reference
different builds, so that if you group them by architecture/compiler/number
of CPUs, this automated tool would understand that the changes are more common
to one particular group.</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="coverage">Improving Coverage Reports</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>The <a href='http://llvm.org/reports/coverage/'>
LLVM Coverage Report</a> has a nice interface to show what source lines are
covered by the tests, but it doesn't mentions which tests, which revision and
what architecture is covered.</p>

<p>A project to renovate LCOV would involve:
<ul>
 <li>Making it run on a buildbot, so that we know what commits / architectures
     are covered</li>
 <li>Update the web page to show that information</li>
 <li>Develop a system that would report every buildbot build into the web page
     in a searchable database, like LNT</li>
</ul>

<p>Another idea is to enable the test suite to run all built backends, not only
   the host architecture, so that coverage report can be built in a fast machine
   and have one report per commit without needing to update the buildbots.</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="misc_imp">Miscellaneous Improvements</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<ol>

<li>Completely rewrite bugpoint.  In addition to being a mess, bugpoint suffers
from a number of problems where it will "lose" a bug when reducing.  It should
be rewritten from scratch to solve these and other problems.</li>
<li><a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2116">Add support for
transactions to the PassManager</a> for improved bugpoint.</li>
<li><a href="http://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=539">Improve bugpoint to
support running tests in parallel on MP machines</a>.</li>
<li>Add MC assembler/disassembler and JIT support to the SPARC port.</li>
<li>Move more optimizations out of the <tt>-instcombine</tt> pass and into
InstructionSimplify.  The optimizations that should be moved are those that
do not create new instructions, for example turning <tt>sub i32 %x, 0</tt>
into <tt>%x</tt>.  Many passes use InstructionSimplify to clean up code as
they go, so making it smarter can result in improvements all over the place.</li>
</ol>

</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="new">Adding new capabilities to LLVM</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">

<p>Sometimes creating new things is more fun than improving existing things.
These projects tend to be more involved and perhaps require more work, but can
also be very rewarding.</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="llvm_ir">Extend the LLVM intermediate representation</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>Many proposed <a href="http://nondot.org/sabre/LLVMNotes/">extensions and
improvements to LLVM core</a> are awaiting design and implementation.</p>

<ol>
<li><a href="http://nondot.org/sabre/LLVMNotes/DebugInfoImprovements.txt">Improvements
for Debug Information Generation</a></li>
<li><a href="/PR1269">EH support for non-call exceptions</a></li>
<li>Many ideas for feature requests are stored in LLVM bugzilla.  Search<a
  href="http://bugs.llvm.org/buglist.cgi?short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;short_desc=&amp;long_desc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;long_desc=&amp;bug_file_loc_type=allwordssubstr&amp;bug_file_loc=&amp;status_whiteboard_type=allwordssubstr&amp;status_whiteboard=&amp;keywords_type=allwords&amp;keywords=new-feature&amp;bug_status=UNCONFIRMED&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;emailassigned_to1=1&amp;emailtype1=substring&amp;email1=&amp;emailassigned_to2=1&amp;emailreporter2=1&amp;emailcc2=1&amp;emailtype2=substring&amp;email2=&amp;bugidtype=include&amp;bug_id=&amp;votes=&amp;changedin=&amp;chfieldfrom=&amp;chfieldto=Now&amp;chfieldvalue=&amp;cmdtype=doit&amp;namedcmd=All+PRs&amp;newqueryname=&amp;order=Bug+Number&amp;field0-0-0=noop&amp;type0-0-0=noop&amp;value0-0-0=">for bugs with a "new-feature" keyword</a>.</li>
</ol>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="pointeranalysis">Pointer and Alias Analysis</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>We have a <a href="docs/AliasAnalysis.html">strong base for development</a> of
both pointer analysis based optimizations as well as pointer analyses
themselves.  We want to take advantage of this:</p>

<ol>
<li>The globals mod/ref pass does an inexpensive bottom-up context sensitive
  alias analysis.  There are some inexpensive things that we could do to better
  capture the effects of functions that access pointer arguments.  This can be
  really important for C++ methods, which spend lots of time accessing pointers
  off 'this'.</li>

<li>The alias analysis API supports the getModRefBehavior method, which allows
  the implementation to give details analysis of the functions. For example, we
  could implement <a href="/PR1604">full knowledge of
    printf/scanf</a> side effects, which would be useful.  This feature is in
  place but not being used for anything right now.</li>

<li>We need some way to reason about errno.  Consider a loop like this:

<pre>
    for ()
      x += sqrt(loopinvariant);
</pre>

<p>We'd like to transform this into:</p>

<pre>
    t = sqrt(loopinvariant);
    for ()
      x += t;
</pre>

<p>This transformation is safe, because the value of errno isn't
otherwise changed in the loop and the exit value of errno from the
loop is the same.  We currently can't do this, because sqrt clobbers
errno, so it isn't "readonly" or "readnone" and we don't have a good
way to model this.</p>

<p>The important part of this project is figuring out how to describe
errno in the optimizer: each libc #defines errno to something different
it seems.  Maybe the solution is to have a __builtin_errno_addr() or
something and change sys headers to use it.</p>

<li>There are lots of ways to optimize out and <a
href="/PR452">improve handling of
memcpy/memset</a>.</li>

</ol>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="profileguided">Profile-Guided Optimization</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<p>We now have a unified infrastructure for writing profile-guided
transformations, which will work either at offline-compile-time or in the JIT,
but we don't have many transformations.  We would welcome new profile-guided
transformations as well as improvements to the current profiling system.
</p>

<p>Ideas for profile-guided transformations:</p>

<ol>
<li>Superblock formation (with many optimizations)</li>
<li>Loop unrolling/peeling</li>
<li>Profile directed inlining</li>
<li>Code layout</li>
<li>...</li>
</ol>

<p>Improvements to the existing support:</p>

<ol>
<li>The current block and edge profiling code that gets inserted is very simple
and inefficient.  Through the use of control-dependence information, many fewer
counters could be inserted into the code.  Also, if the execution count of a
loop is known to be a compile-time or runtime constant, all of the counters in
the loop could be avoided.</li>

<li>You could implement one of the "static profiling" algorithms which analyze a
piece of code an make educated guesses about the relative execution frequencies
of various parts of the code.</li>

<li>You could add path profiling support, or adapt the existing LLVM path
profiling code to work with the generic profiling interfaces.</li>
</ol>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="compaction">Code Compaction</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">
<p>LLVM aggressively optimizes for performance, but does not yet optimize for code size.
With a new ARM backend, there is increasing interest in using LLVM for embedded systems
where code size is more of an issue.
</p>

<p>Someone interested in working on implementing code compaction in LLVM might want to read
<a href="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/425696.html">this</a> article, describing using
link-time optimizations for code size optimization.
</p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="xforms">New Transformations and Analyses</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<ol>
  <li>Implement a Loop Dependence Analysis Infrastructure<br>
    - Design some way to represent and query dep analysis</li>
  <li>Value range propagation pass</li>
  <li>More fun with loops:
    <a href="http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~amaral/cascon/CDP04/tal.html">
      Predictive Commoning
    </a>
  </li>
  <li>Type inference (aka. devirtualization)</li>
  <li><a href="http://nondot.org/sabre/LLVMNotes/BuiltinUnreachable.txt">Value
      assertions</a> (also <a href="/PR810">PR810</a>).</li>
</ol>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="codegen">Code Generator Improvements</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<ol>
<li>Generalize target-specific backend passes that could be target-independent,
    by adding necessary target hooks and making sure all IR/MI features (such as
    register masks and predicated instructions) are properly handled. Enable these
    for other targets where doing so is demonstrably beneficial.
    For example:
      <ol><li>lib/Target/Hexagon/RDF*</li>
          <li>lib/Target/AArch64/AArch64AddressTypePromotion.cpp</li>
     </ol>
    </li>
<li>Merge the delay slot filling logic that is duplicated into (at least)
    the Sparc and Mips backends into a single target independent pass.
     Likewise, the branch shortening logic in several targets should be merged
     together into one pass.</li>
<li>Implement 'stack slot coloring' to allocate two frame indexes to the same
    stack offset if their live ranges don't overlap.  This can reuse a bunch of
    analysis machinery from LiveIntervals.  Making the stack smaller is good
    for cache use and very important on targets where loads have limited
    displacement like ppc, thumb, mips, sparc, etc.  This should be done as
    a pass before prolog epilog insertion.  This is now done for register
    allocator temporaries, but not for allocas.</li>
<li>Implement 'shrink wrapping', which is the intelligent placement of callee
    saved register save/restores.  Right now PrologEpilogInsertion always saves
    every (modified) callee save reg in the prolog and restores it in the
    epilog, however, some paths through a function (e.g. an early exit) may
    not use all regs.  Sinking the save down the CFG avoids useless work on
    these paths. Work has started on this, please inquire on llvm-dev.</li>
<li>Implement interprocedural register allocation. The CallGraphSCCPass can be
    used to implement a bottom-up analysis that will determine the *actual*
    registers clobbered by a function. Use the pass to fine tune register usage
    in callers based on *actual* registers used by the callee.</li>
<li>Add support for 16-bit x86 assembly and real mode to the assembler and
    disassembler, for use by BIOS code. This includes both 16-bit instruction
    encodings as well as privileged instructions (lgdt, lldt, ltr, lmsw, clts,
    invd, invlpg, wbinvd, hlt, rdmsr, wrmsr, rdpmc, rdtsc) and the control and
    debug registers.
</ol>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="misc_new">Miscellaneous Additions</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">

<ol>
<li>Port the <a href="http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/fp/Bigloo/">Bigloo</A>
Scheme compiler, from Manuel Serrano at INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, to
output LLVM bytecode. It seems that it can already output .NET
bytecode, JVM bytecode, and C, so LLVM would ostensibly be another good
candidate.</li>
<li>Write a new frontend for some other language (Java? OCaml? Forth?)</li>
<li>Random test vector generator: Use a C grammar to generate random C code,
e.g., <a href="http://code.google.com/p/quest-tester/">quest</a>;
run it through llvm-gcc, then run a random set of passes on it using opt.
Try to crash <tt><a href="/docs/CommandGuide/html/opt.html">opt</a></tt>. When
<tt>opt</tt> crashes, use <tt><a
href="/docs/CommandGuide/html/bugpoint.html">bugpoint</a></tt> to reduce the
test case and post it to a website or mailing list.  Repeat ad infinitum.</li>
<li>Add sandbox features to the Interpreter: catch invalid memory accesses,
  potentially unsafe operations (access via arbitrary memory pointer) etc.
</li>
<li>Port <a href="http://valgrind.org">Valgrind</a> to use LLVM code generation
  and optimization passes instead of its own.</li>
<li>Write LLVM IR level debugger (extend Interpreter?)</li>
<li>Write an LLVM Superoptimizer.  It would be interesting to take ideas from
    this superoptimizer for x86:
<a href="http://theory.stanford.edu/~aiken/publications/papers/asplos06.pdf">paper #1</a> and <a href="http://theory.stanford.edu/~sbansal/superoptimizer.html">paper #2</a> and adapt them to run on LLVM code.<p>

It would seem that operating on LLVM code would save a lot of time
because its semantics are much simpler than x86.  The cost of operating
on LLVM is that target-specific tricks would be missed.<p>

The outcome would be a new LLVM pass that subsumes at least the
instruction combiner, and probably a few other passes as well.  Benefits
would include not missing cases missed by the current combiner and also
more easily adapting to changes in the LLVM IR.<p>

All previous superoptimizers have worked on linear sequences of code.
It would seem much better to operate on small subgraphs of the program
dependency graph.</li>
</ol>

</div>

<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="www_sectiontitle">
  <a name="using">Projects using LLVM</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->

<div class="www_text">

  <p>
  In addition to projects that enhance the existing LLVM infrastructure, there
  are projects that improve software that uses, but is not included with, the
  LLVM compiler infrastructure.  These projects include open-source software
  projects and research projects that use LLVM.  Like projects that enhance the
  core LLVM infrastructure, these projects are often challenging and rewarding.
  </p>

</div>

<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="encodeanalysis">Encode Analysis Results in MachineInstr IR</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">
  <p>
  At least one project (and probably more) needs to use analysis information
  (such as call graph analysis) from within a MachineFunctionPass, however,
  most analysis passes operate at the LLVM IR level.  In some cases, a value
  (e.g., a function pointer) cannot be mapped from the MachineInstr level back
  to the LLVM IR level reliably, making the use of existing LLVM analysis
  passes from within a MachineFunctionPass impossible (or at least brittle).
  </p>

  <p>
  This project is to encode analysis information from the LLVM IR level into
  the MachineInstr IR when it is generated so that it is available to a
  MachineFunctionPass.  The exemplar is call graph analysis (useful for
  control-flow integrity instrumentation, analysis of code reuse defenses, and
  gadget compilers); however, other LLVM analyses may be useful.
  </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="codelayoutjit">Code Layout in the LLVM JIT</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">
  <p>
  Implement an on-demand function relocator in the LLVM JIT. This can help
  improve code locality using runtime profiling information. The idea is to use
  a relocation table for every function.  The relocation entries need to be
  updated upon every function relocation (take a look at
  <a href="https://people.cs.umass.edu/~emery/pubs/stabilizer-asplos13.pdf">
  this article</a>).
  A (per-function) basic block reordering would be a useful extension.
  </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="fieldlayout">Improved Structure Splitting and Field Reordering</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">
  <p>
  The goal of this project is to implement better data layout optimizations
  using the model of reference affinity.  This
  <a href="http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~cding/Documents/Publications/pldi04.pdf">
  paper</a>
  provides some background information.
  </p>
</div>

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<div class="www_subsubsection">
  <a name="slimmer">Finish the Slimmer Project</a>
</div>

<div class="www_text">
  <p>
  Slimmer is a prototype tool, built using LLVM, that uses dynamic analysis to
  find potential performance bugs in programs.  Development on Slimmer started
  during Google Summer of Code in 2015 and resulted in an initial prototype,
  but evaluation of the prototype and improvements to make it portable and
  robust are still needed.  This project would have a student pick up and
  finish the Slimmer work.  The source code of Slimmer and
  its current documentation can be found at its
  <a href="https://github.com/james0zan/Slimmer">Github</a> web page.
  </p>
</div>

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