[Libomptarget] Add error message back in after changes (#77528)

Summary:
My previous reworking of the image hangling removed the image info which
was originally used for this extra error message requested by Ye Luo. I
have since added in the necessary ELF facilities to extract it from the
object file and can add it back in. It's a little verbose mostly from
needing to shuffle around types and potential errors.
GitOrigin-RevId: 0d6412eae32777cd892a1a9ed016a07e68eaa191
1 file changed