[MLIR] Add optional cached symbol tables to LLVM conversion patterns (#144032)

This PR allows to optionally speed up the lookup of symbols by providing a `SymbolTableCollection` instance to the interested conversion patterns. It is follow-up on the discussion about symbol / symbol table management carried on [Discourse](https://discourse.llvm.org/t/symbol-table-as-first-class-citizen-in-builders/86813).

GitOrigin-RevId: bb372963dfcef9722d5aeb4f65ddb5c50be24e01