Add a polynomial dialect shell, attributes, and types (#72081)

RFC:
https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-a-poly-dialect-for-polynomial-arithmetic/73891

This PR implements the minimal work needed to represent the polynomial
type such that it can be tested with `lit`.

In this PR:

- Dialect shell
- `Polynomial` data structure needed for folding
- Polynomial attributes (`PolynomialAttr` and `RingAttr` which store a polynomial)
- `polynomial.polynomial` type
- Basic lit tests

---------

Co-authored-by: Jeremy Kun <j2kun@users.noreply.github.com>
GitOrigin-RevId: 55b6f17071d25b77fcdc910ca9b15f89305137e0
19 files changed
tree: 6a53aa9e0c32b9efd91ef25757dfe901546ff6ab
  1. benchmark/
  2. cmake/
  3. docs/
  4. examples/
  5. include/
  6. lib/
  7. python/
  8. test/
  9. tools/
  10. unittests/
  11. utils/
  12. .clang-format
  13. .clang-tidy
  14. CMakeLists.txt
  15. LICENSE.TXT
  16. README.md
README.md

Multi-Level Intermediate Representation

See https://mlir.llvm.org/ for more information.