[mlir][vector] Add a check to ensure input vector rank equals target shape rank (#149239)

The crash is caused because, during IR transformation, the
vector-unrolling pass (using ExtractStridedSliceOp) attempts to slice an
input vector of higher rank using a target vector of lower rank, which
is not supported. Fixes #148368.

GitOrigin-RevId: 75aa629269c2cea94352f4029a84668bf157dc86