RUN: echo "\"" | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK1
RUN: echo '"' | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK1
RUN: echo 'a[b\c' | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK2
RUN: echo "a[b\\c" | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK2
RUN: echo 'a\b\\c\\\\d' | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK3
RUN: echo "a\\b\\\\c\\\\\\\\d" | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK3
CHECK1: {{^"$}}
CHECK2: {{^a\[b\\c$}}
CHECK3: {{^a\\b\\\\c\\\\\\\\d$}}

On Windows, with MSYS based tools, the following commands fail though:
RUNX: echo 'a[b\c\\d' | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK4
RUNX: echo "a[b\\c\\\\d" | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK4
CHECK4: {{^a\[b\\c\\\\d$}}