[libc++][format] Improves escaping. (#88283)

The change increments the size of the lookup table considerably. The
table has an "upper boundary" check. The removal of the code units with
the property Grapheme_Extend=Yes removes the range E0100..E01EF. This
breaks the trailing large continuous section in two parts. This will be
improved in a followup patch.

Implements:
- P2713R1 Escaping improvements in std::format
- LWG3965 Incorrect example in [format.string.escaped] p3 for formatting
of combining characters

```
---------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark                           Before          After
---------------------------------------------------------
BM_ascii_escaped<char>            95696 ns      110704 ns
BM_unicode_escaped<char>          89311 ns      101371 ns
BM_cyrillic_escaped<char>         58633 ns       63329 ns
BM_japanese_escaped<char>         44500 ns       41223 ns
BM_emoji_escaped<char>            99156 ns      111022 ns
BM_ascii_escaped<wchar_t>         92245 ns      112441 ns
BM_unicode_escaped<wchar_t>       80970 ns      102776 ns
BM_cyrillic_escaped<wchar_t>      51253 ns       58977 ns
BM_japanese_escaped<wchar_t>      37252 ns       36885 ns
BM_emoji_escaped<wchar_t>         96226 ns      115885 ns
```

GitOrigin-RevId: ad76a859540d762a01b44313ef8bd18c205143b4
8 files changed