| ===================== |
| Experimental Features |
| ===================== |
| |
| .. contents:: |
| :local: |
| |
| .. _experimental features: |
| |
| Overview |
| ======== |
| |
| Libc++ implements technical specifications (TSes) and ships them as experimental |
| features that users are free to try out. The goal is to allow getting feedback |
| on those experimental features. |
| |
| However, libc++ does not provide the same guarantees about those features as |
| it does for the rest of the library. In particular, no ABI or API stability |
| is guaranteed, and experimental features are deprecated once the non-experimental |
| equivalent has shipped in the library. This document outlines the details of |
| that process. |
| |
| Background |
| ========== |
| |
| The "end game" of a Technical Specification (TS) is to have the features in |
| there added to a future version of the C++ Standard. When this happens, the TS |
| can be retired. Sometimes, only part of at TS is added to the standard, and |
| the rest of the features may be incorporated into the next version of the TS. |
| |
| Adoption leaves library implementors with two implementations of a feature, |
| one in namespace ``std``, and the other in namespace ``std::experimental``. |
| The first one will continue to evolve (via issues and papers), while the other |
| will not. Gradually they will diverge. It's not good for users to have two |
| (subtly) different implementations of the same functionality in the same library. |
| |
| Design |
| ====== |
| |
| When a feature is adopted into the main standard, we implement it in namespace |
| ``std``. Once that implementation is complete, we then create a deprecation |
| warning for the corresponding experimental feature warning users to move off |
| of it and to the now-standardized feature. |
| |
| These deprecation warnings are guarded by a macro of the form |
| ``_LIBCPP_NO_EXPERIMENTAL_DEPRECATION_WARNING_<FEATURE>``, which |
| can be defined by users to disable the deprecation warning. Whenever |
| possible, deprecation warnings are put on a per-declaration basis |
| using the ``[[deprecated]]`` attribute, which also allows disabling |
| the warnings using ``-Wno-deprecated-declarations``. |
| |
| After **2 releases** of LLVM, the experimental feature is removed completely |
| (and the deprecation notice too). Using the experimental feature simply becomes |
| an error. Furthermore, when an experimental header becomes empty due to the |
| removal of the corresponding experimental feature, the header is removed. |
| Keeping the header around creates incorrect assumptions from users and breaks |
| ``__has_include``. |
| |
| |
| Status of TSes |
| ============== |
| |
| Library Fundamentals TS `V1 <https://wg21.link/N4480>`__ and `V2 <https://wg21.link/N4617>`__ |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| Most (but not all) of the features of the LFTS were accepted into C++17. |
| |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | Section | Feature | Shipped in ``std`` | To be removed from ``std::experimental`` | Notes | |
| +=========+=======================================================+====================+==========================================+=========================+ |
| | 2.1 | ``uses_allocator construction`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.1.2 | ``erased_type`` | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.2.1 | ``tuple_size_v`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.2.2 | ``apply`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.3.1 | All of the ``_v`` traits in ``<type_traits>`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.3.2 | ``invocation_type`` and ``raw_invocation_type`` | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.3.3 | Logical operator traits | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.3.3 | Detection Idiom | 5.0 | | Only partially in C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.4.1 | All of the ``_v`` traits in ``<ratio>`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.5.1 | All of the ``_v`` traits in ``<chrono>`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.6.1 | All of the ``_v`` traits in ``<system_error>`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 3.7 | ``propagate_const`` | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 4.2 | Enhancements to ``function`` | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 4.3 | searchers | 7.0 | 9.0 | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 5 | optional | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 6 | ``any`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 7 | ``string_view`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.2.1 | ``shared_ptr`` enhancements | Not yet | Never added | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.2.2 | ``weak_ptr`` enhancements | Not yet | Never added | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.5 | ``memory_resource`` | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.6 | ``polymorphic_allocator`` | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.7 | ``resource_adaptor`` | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.8 | Access to program-wide ``memory_resource`` objects | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.9 | Pool resource classes | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.10 | ``monotonic_buffer_resource`` | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.11 | Alias templates using polymorphic memory resources | Not yet | | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 8.12 | Non-owning pointers | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 11.2 | ``promise`` | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 11.3 | ``packaged_task`` | | n/a | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 12.2 | ``search`` | 7.0 | 9.0 | | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 12.3 | ``sample`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 12.4 | ``shuffle`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 13.1 | ``gcd`` and ``lcm`` | 5.0 | 7.0 | Removed | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 13.2 | Random number generation | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| | 14 | Reflection Library | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| `FileSystem TS <https://wg21.link/N4100>`__ |
| ------------------------------------------- |
| The FileSystem TS was accepted (in totality) for C++17. |
| The FileSystem TS implementation was shipped in namespace ``std`` in LLVM 7.0, and will be removed in LLVM 11.0 (due to the lack of deprecation warnings before LLVM 9.0). |
| |
| Parallelism TS `V1 <https://wg21.link/N4507>`__ and `V2 <https://wg21.link/N4706>`__ |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Some (most) of the Parallelism TS was accepted for C++17. |
| We have not yet shipped an implementation of the Parallelism TS. |
| |
| `Coroutines TS <https://wg21.link/N4680>`__ |
| ------------------------------------------- |
| The Coroutines TS is not yet part of a shipping standard. |
| We are shipping (as of v5.0) an implementation of the Coroutines TS in namespace ``std::experimental``. |
| |
| `Networking TS <https://wg21.link/N4656>`__ |
| ------------------------------------------- |
| The Networking TS is not yet part of a shipping standard. |
| We have not yet shipped an implementation of the Networking TS. |
| |
| `Ranges TS <https://wg21.link/N4685>`__ |
| --------------------------------------- |
| The Ranges TS is not yet part of a shipping standard. |
| We have not yet shipped an implementation of the Ranges TS. |
| |
| `Concepts TS <https://wg21.link/N4641>`__ |
| ----------------------------------------- |
| The Concepts TS is not yet part of a shipping standard, but it has been adopted into the C++20 working draft. |
| We have not yet shipped an implementation of the Concepts TS. |
| |
| `Concurrency TS <https://wg21.link/P0159>`__ |
| -------------------------------------------- |
| The Concurrency TS was adopted in Kona (2015). |
| None of the Concurrency TS was accepted for C++17. |
| We have not yet shipped an implementation of the Concurrency TS. |
| |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | Section | Feature | Shipped in ``std`` | To be removed from ``std::experimental`` | Notes | |
| .. +=========+=======================================================+====================+==========================================+=========================+ |
| .. | 2.3 | class template ``future`` | | | | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.4 | class template ``shared_future`` | | | | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.5 | class template ``promise`` | | | Only using ``future`` | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.6 | class template ``packaged_task`` | | | Only using ``future`` | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.7 | function template ``when_all`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.8 | class template ``when_any_result`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.9 | function template ``when_any`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.10 | function template ``make_ready_future`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 2.11 | function template ``make_exeptional_future`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 3 | ``latches`` and ``barriers`` | | | Not part of C++17 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
| .. | 4 | Atomic Smart Pointers | | | Adopted for C++20 | |
| .. +---------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------+ |
