[libc++][ranges][NFC] Make sure all implemented algorithms are enabled in "robust" tests.

Also fix `std::find_first_of` (which accidentally copied the predicate
in the implementation).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D131235

GitOrigin-RevId: 8ac015caf627a0db89540950d6343e955ba9500b
7 files changed