[libclc] Refactor build system to allow in-tree builds (#87622)

The previous build system was adding custom "OpenCL" and "LLVM IR"
languages in CMake to build the builtin libraries. This was making it
harder to build in-tree because the tool binaries needed to be present
at configure time.

This commit refactors the build system to use custom commands to build
the bytecode files one by one, and link them all together into the final
bytecode library. It also enables in-tree builds by aliasing the
clang/llvm-link/etc. tool targets to internal targets, which are
imported from the LLVM installation directory when building out of tree.

Diffing (with llvm-diff) all of the final bytecode libraries in an
out-of-tree configuration against those built using the current tip
system shows no changes. Note that there are textual changes to metadata
IDs which confuse regular diff, and that llvm-diff 14 and below may show
false-positives.

This commit also removes a file listed in one of the SOURCEs which
didn't exist and which was preventing the use of
ENABLE_RUNTIME_SUBNORMAL when configuring CMake.

GitOrigin-RevId: 72f9881c3ffcf4be6361c3e4312d91c9c8d94a98
11 files changed