[libc] Fix Atan2f128 and add tests for all versions (#215023)

It fixes the THREE_PI_OVER_4 value in atan2f128 and adds a small smoke
test against the failure.
The result or comparison value is directly taken from the failure while
comparing with core math :
```CPP
FAIL x=inf y=-inf ref=0x1.2d97c7f3321d234f272993d1414ap+1 z=0x1.2d97c7f3321d234f272993d1414ap-1
```

Additionally it adds some more smoke tests for all atan2 versions.

GitOrigin-RevId: bb3419bc0de6f04753984330e27b47b894b081e4