Reapply "[libc][math][c23] Add remaining linux/* entrypoints for {,u}fromfp{,x}* (#86692)" (#88567)

This reverts commit 8a071678a9091d536eae29912ca7be6238105956.

The test failure on 32-bit Arm should have been fixed by #86892.

cc @nickdesaulniers @lntue

GitOrigin-RevId: 41ff91e143a72dcd5755c9ad2160cf3c333b50c6
3 files changed