[libc] Clean up errno header usage in a few math/smoke tests. (#157517)

Most of the unit tests don't (or don't need to) read/write libc_errno
code directly - it's cleared by the ErrnoCheckingTest harness, and is
verified by framework-provided scripts such as EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO.

Use the following rule of thumb for header inclusion:
* if you use libc_errno in code literally, include
src/__support/libc_errno.h
* if you only rely on errno constants, include hdr/errno_macros.h

This PR only updates a few tests for acos/asin variants, as a
proof-of-concept. If it goes in, a follow-up PR would update the rest.

GitOrigin-RevId: 05502de64ccf1793a49e2f7c80ca1afe5d1e0f43
12 files changed