[C23][Parser] Diagnostic for attribute declaration where statement is required (#146224)

Fixes: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/141659

In C23, something like [[/*possible attributes*/]]; is an attribute
declaration, not a statement. So it is not allowed by the syntax in
places where a statement is required, specifically as the secondary
block of a selection or iteration statement.

Therefore, code like the following should give a diagnostic (at least
with -std=c23 -pedantic), but Clang currently does not produce one:
```cpp
int main(void) {
    if (1)
        [[]];
}
```

---------

Signed-off-by: yronglin <yronglin777@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wang, Yihan <yronglin777@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mariya Podchishchaeva <mariya.podchishchaeva@intel.com>
GitOrigin-RevId: 191386fcd3335c5b7194da209d71d16549a2bb2f
5 files changed
tree: 09005e0a07c9978279ff8c32a07146729cbf6278
  1. bindings/
  2. cmake/
  3. docs/
  4. examples/
  5. include/
  6. lib/
  7. runtime/
  8. test/
  9. tools/
  10. unittests/
  11. utils/
  12. www/
  13. .clang-format
  14. .clang-tidy
  15. .gitignore
  16. AreaTeamMembers.txt
  17. CMakeLists.txt
  18. INSTALL.txt
  19. LICENSE.TXT
  20. Maintainers.rst
  21. NOTES.txt
  22. README.md
README.md

C language Family Front-end

Welcome to Clang.

This is a compiler front-end for the C family of languages (C, C++ and Objective-C) which is built as part of the LLVM compiler infrastructure project.

Unlike many other compiler frontends, Clang is useful for a number of things beyond just compiling code: we intend for Clang to be host to a number of different source-level tools. One example of this is the Clang Static Analyzer.

If you're interested in more (including how to build Clang) it is best to read the relevant websites. Here are some pointers: