Reland "[clang] CTAD: Fix require-clause is not transformed." (#89476)

This relands the c8e65e193d542464421ad4f9a9965d45b302ac0c, which was
reverted in b48ea2d394911efcc56880fde58f806282db1e8a due to the breakage
of windows builtbot.

The reland contains some adjustments in the lit test deduction-gudie.cpp, to
make the checking text less strict.

GitOrigin-RevId: 57c24eb0a7482ca7f661a2a9cb45249f1553d6d2
4 files changed