[clang][SYCL] Add sycl_external attribute and restrict emitting device code (#140282)

This patch is part of the upstreaming effort for supporting SYCL
language front end.
It makes the following changes:
1. Adds sycl_external attribute for functions with external linkage,
which is intended for use to implement the SYCL_EXTERNAL macro as
specified by the SYCL 2020 specification
2. Adds checks to avoid emitting device code when sycl_external and
sycl_kernel_entry_point attributes are not enabled
3. Fixes test failures caused by the above changes

This patch is missing diagnostics for the following diagnostics listed
in the SYCL 2020 specification's section 5.10.1, which will be addressed
in a subsequent PR:
Functions that are declared using SYCL_EXTERNAL have the following
additional restrictions beyond those imposed on other device functions:
1. If the SYCL backend does not support the generic address space then
the function cannot use raw pointers as parameter or return types.
Explicit pointer classes must be used instead;
2. The function cannot call group::parallel_for_work_item;
3. The function cannot be called from a parallel_for_work_group scope.

In addition to that, the subsequent PR will also implement diagnostics
for inline functions including virtual functions defined as inline.

---------

Co-authored-by: Mariya Podchishchaeva <mariya.podchishchaeva@intel.com>
30 files changed
tree: c38f1120e037568a4b4579aa33d6bf8d73cdc59e
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. flang-rt/
  11. libc/
  12. libclc/
  13. libcxx/
  14. libcxxabi/
  15. libsycl/
  16. libunwind/
  17. lld/
  18. lldb/
  19. llvm/
  20. llvm-libgcc/
  21. mlir/
  22. offload/
  23. openmp/
  24. orc-rt/
  25. polly/
  26. runtimes/
  27. third-party/
  28. utils/
  29. .clang-format
  30. .clang-format-ignore
  31. .clang-tidy
  32. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  33. .gitattributes
  34. .gitignore
  35. .mailmap
  36. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  37. CONTRIBUTING.md
  38. LICENSE.TXT
  39. pyproject.toml
  40. README.md
  41. SECURITY.md
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