[CMake] Propagate dependencies to OBJECT libraries in `add_llvm_library` (#183541)

Previously, transitively inherited calls to
`target_include_directories(foo SYSTEM ...)` were being squashed into a
flat list of includes, effectively stripping off `-isystem` and
unintentionally forwarding warnings from such dependencies.

To correctly propagate `SYSTEM` dependencies, use
`target_link_libraries` to forward the parent target's link dependencies
to the OBJECT library (similar to the `_static` flow below). Unlike a
flat `target_include_directories`, this lets CMake resolve transitive
SYSTEM include directories through the proper dependency chain.

Note that `target_link_libraries` on an OBJECT library propagates all
usage requirements, not just includes. This also brings in transitive
`INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS`, `INTERFACE_COMPILE_OPTIONS`, and
`INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES`. This is arguably more correct, as the
OBJECT library compiles the same sources and should see the same flags.

The existing `target_include_directories` call is retained for include
directories set directly on the target (not through link dependencies).
CMake deduplicates include directories that appear through both paths.
Compile definitions and options may technically appear twice (once via
the OBJECT library, once via the consuming target), but duplicate `-D`
and flag entries should be harmless in practice.

Also fix `clang_target_link_libraries` and `mlir_target_link_libraries`
to forward the link type (PUBLIC/PRIVATE/INTERFACE) to `obj.*` targets.
Previously the type keyword was silently dropped, resulting in
plain-signature `target_link_libraries` calls. This is now required
because the new keyword-signature call in `llvm_add_library` would
otherwise conflict (CMake requires all calls on a target to use the same
signature).