Add IR Profile-Guided Optimization (IR PGO) support to the Flang compiler (#136098)

This patch implements IR-based Profile-Guided Optimization support in
Flang through the following flags:

- `-fprofile-generate` for instrumentation-based profile generation

- `-fprofile-use=<dir>/file` for profile-guided optimization

Resolves #74216 (implements IR PGO support phase)

**Key changes:**

- Frontend flag handling aligned with Clang/GCC semantics

- Instrumentation hooks into LLVM PGO infrastructure

- LIT tests verifying:

    - Instrumentation metadata generation

    - Profile loading from specified path

    - Branch weight attribution (IR checks)

**Tests:**

- Added gcc-flag-compatibility.f90 test module verifying:

    -  Flag parsing boundary conditions

    -  IR-level profile annotation consistency

    -  Profile input path normalization rules

- SPEC2006 benchmark results will be shared in comments

For details on LLVM's PGO framework, refer to [Clang PGO
Documentation](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UsersManual.html#profile-guided-optimization).

This implementation was developed by [XSCC Compiler
Team](https://github.com/orgs/OpenXiangShan/teams/xscc).

---------

Co-authored-by: ict-ql <168183727+ict-ql@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tom Eccles <t@freedommail.info>
diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.def b/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.def
index aad4e10..11dad53 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.def
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.def
@@ -223,9 +223,11 @@
 CODEGENOPT(AtomicProfileUpdate , 1, 0) ///< Set -fprofile-update=atomic
 CODEGENOPT(ContinuousProfileSync, 1, 0) ///< Enable continuous instrumentation profiling
 /// Choose profile instrumenation kind or no instrumentation.
-ENUM_CODEGENOPT(ProfileInstr, ProfileInstrKind, 4, ProfileNone)
+
+ENUM_CODEGENOPT(ProfileInstr, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind, 4, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone)
+
 /// Choose profile kind for PGO use compilation.
-ENUM_CODEGENOPT(ProfileUse, ProfileInstrKind, 2, ProfileNone)
+ENUM_CODEGENOPT(ProfileUse, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind, 2, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone)
 /// Partition functions into N groups and select only functions in group i to be
 /// instrumented. Selected group numbers can be 0 to N-1 inclusive.
 VALUE_CODEGENOPT(ProfileTotalFunctionGroups, 32, 1)
diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.h b/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.h
index 278803f..bffbd00 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.h
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/CodeGenOptions.h
@@ -518,35 +518,41 @@
 
   /// Check if Clang profile instrumenation is on.
   bool hasProfileClangInstr() const {
-    return getProfileInstr() == ProfileClangInstr;
+    return getProfileInstr() ==
+           llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileClangInstr;
   }
 
   /// Check if IR level profile instrumentation is on.
   bool hasProfileIRInstr() const {
-    return getProfileInstr() == ProfileIRInstr;
+    return getProfileInstr() == llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileIRInstr;
   }
 
   /// Check if CS IR level profile instrumentation is on.
   bool hasProfileCSIRInstr() const {
-    return getProfileInstr() == ProfileCSIRInstr;
+    return getProfileInstr() ==
+           llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileCSIRInstr;
   }
 
   /// Check if any form of instrumentation is on.
-  bool hasProfileInstr() const { return getProfileInstr() != ProfileNone; }
+  bool hasProfileInstr() const {
+    return getProfileInstr() != llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone;
+  }
 
   /// Check if Clang profile use is on.
   bool hasProfileClangUse() const {
-    return getProfileUse() == ProfileClangInstr;
+    return getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileClangInstr;
   }
 
   /// Check if IR level profile use is on.
   bool hasProfileIRUse() const {
-    return getProfileUse() == ProfileIRInstr ||
-           getProfileUse() == ProfileCSIRInstr;
+    return getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileIRInstr ||
+           getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileCSIRInstr;
   }
 
   /// Check if CSIR profile use is on.
-  bool hasProfileCSIRUse() const { return getProfileUse() == ProfileCSIRInstr; }
+  bool hasProfileCSIRUse() const {
+    return getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileCSIRInstr;
+  }
 
   /// Check if type and variable info should be emitted.
   bool hasReducedDebugInfo() const {
diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/ProfileList.h b/clang/include/clang/Basic/ProfileList.h
index b4217e4..5338ef3 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/ProfileList.h
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/ProfileList.h
@@ -49,17 +49,16 @@
   ~ProfileList();
 
   bool isEmpty() const { return Empty; }
-  ExclusionType getDefault(CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
+  ExclusionType getDefault(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
 
   std::optional<ExclusionType>
   isFunctionExcluded(StringRef FunctionName,
-                     CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
+                     llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
   std::optional<ExclusionType>
   isLocationExcluded(SourceLocation Loc,
-                     CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
+                     llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
   std::optional<ExclusionType>
-  isFileExcluded(StringRef FileName,
-                 CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
+  isFileExcluded(StringRef FileName, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const;
 };
 
 } // namespace clang
diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Driver/Options.td b/clang/include/clang/Driver/Options.td
index 5ca31c2..5c79c66 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Driver/Options.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Driver/Options.td
@@ -1772,7 +1772,7 @@
   HelpText<"Maximum number of test vectors in MC/DC coverage">,
   MarshallingInfoInt<CodeGenOpts<"MCDCMaxTVs">, "0x7FFFFFFE">;
 def fprofile_generate : Flag<["-"], "fprofile-generate">,
-    Group<f_Group>, Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption]>,
+    Group<f_Group>, Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption, FlangOption, FC1Option]>,
     HelpText<"Generate instrumented code to collect execution counts into default.profraw (overridden by LLVM_PROFILE_FILE env var)">;
 def fprofile_generate_EQ : Joined<["-"], "fprofile-generate=">,
     Group<f_Group>, Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption]>,
@@ -1789,7 +1789,7 @@
     Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption]>, Alias<fprofile_instr_use>;
 def fprofile_use_EQ : Joined<["-"], "fprofile-use=">,
     Group<f_Group>,
-    Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption]>,
+    Visibility<[ClangOption, CLOption, FlangOption, FC1Option]>,
     MetaVarName<"<pathname>">,
     HelpText<"Use instrumentation data for profile-guided optimization. If pathname is a directory, it reads from <pathname>/default.profdata. Otherwise, it reads from file <pathname>.">;
 def fno_profile_instr_generate : Flag<["-"], "fno-profile-instr-generate">,
diff --git a/clang/lib/Basic/ProfileList.cpp b/clang/lib/Basic/ProfileList.cpp
index 2d37014..bea6557 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Basic/ProfileList.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Basic/ProfileList.cpp
@@ -70,24 +70,24 @@
 
 ProfileList::~ProfileList() = default;
 
-static StringRef getSectionName(CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) {
+static StringRef getSectionName(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) {
   switch (Kind) {
-  case CodeGenOptions::ProfileNone:
+  case llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone:
     return "";
-  case CodeGenOptions::ProfileClangInstr:
+  case llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileClangInstr:
     return "clang";
-  case CodeGenOptions::ProfileIRInstr:
+  case llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileIRInstr:
     return "llvm";
-  case CodeGenOptions::ProfileCSIRInstr:
+  case llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileCSIRInstr:
     return "csllvm";
   case CodeGenOptions::ProfileIRSampleColdCov:
     return "sample-coldcov";
   }
-  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind enum");
+  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind enum");
 }
 
 ProfileList::ExclusionType
-ProfileList::getDefault(CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
+ProfileList::getDefault(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
   StringRef Section = getSectionName(Kind);
   // Check for "default:<type>"
   if (SCL->inSection(Section, "default", "allow"))
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 
 std::optional<ProfileList::ExclusionType>
 ProfileList::isFunctionExcluded(StringRef FunctionName,
-                                CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
+                                llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
   StringRef Section = getSectionName(Kind);
   // Check for "function:<regex>=<case>"
   if (auto V = inSection(Section, "function", FunctionName))
@@ -132,13 +132,13 @@
 
 std::optional<ProfileList::ExclusionType>
 ProfileList::isLocationExcluded(SourceLocation Loc,
-                                CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
+                                llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
   return isFileExcluded(SM.getFilename(SM.getFileLoc(Loc)), Kind);
 }
 
 std::optional<ProfileList::ExclusionType>
 ProfileList::isFileExcluded(StringRef FileName,
-                            CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
+                            llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind) const {
   StringRef Section = getSectionName(Kind);
   // Check for "source:<regex>=<case>"
   if (auto V = inSection(Section, "source", FileName))
diff --git a/clang/lib/CodeGen/BackendUtil.cpp b/clang/lib/CodeGen/BackendUtil.cpp
index cd5fc48..03e10b1 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CodeGen/BackendUtil.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CodeGen/BackendUtil.cpp
@@ -123,17 +123,10 @@
 extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> ClSanitizeGuardChecks;
 }
 
-// Default filename used for profile generation.
-static std::string getDefaultProfileGenName() {
-  return DebugInfoCorrelate || ProfileCorrelate != InstrProfCorrelator::NONE
-             ? "default_%m.proflite"
-             : "default_%m.profraw";
-}
-
 // Path and name of file used for profile generation
 static std::string getProfileGenName(const CodeGenOptions &CodeGenOpts) {
   std::string FileName = CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput.empty()
-                             ? getDefaultProfileGenName()
+                             ? llvm::driver::getDefaultProfileGenName()
                              : CodeGenOpts.InstrProfileOutput;
   if (CodeGenOpts.ContinuousProfileSync)
     FileName = "%c" + FileName;
@@ -835,12 +828,12 @@
 
   if (CodeGenOpts.hasProfileIRInstr())
     // -fprofile-generate.
-    PGOOpt = PGOOptions(getProfileGenName(CodeGenOpts), "", "",
-                        CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, nullptr,
-                        PGOOptions::IRInstr, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
-                        ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling,
-                        /*PseudoProbeForProfiling=*/false,
-                        CodeGenOpts.AtomicProfileUpdate);
+    PGOOpt = PGOOptions(
+        getProfileGenName(CodeGenOpts), "", "",
+        CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, nullptr, PGOOptions::IRInstr,
+        PGOOptions::NoCSAction, llvm::ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
+        CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling,
+        /*PseudoProbeForProfiling=*/false, CodeGenOpts.AtomicProfileUpdate);
   else if (CodeGenOpts.hasProfileIRUse()) {
     // -fprofile-use.
     auto CSAction = CodeGenOpts.hasProfileCSIRUse() ? PGOOptions::CSIRUse
@@ -848,31 +841,32 @@
     PGOOpt = PGOOptions(CodeGenOpts.ProfileInstrumentUsePath, "",
                         CodeGenOpts.ProfileRemappingFile,
                         CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS,
-                        PGOOptions::IRUse, CSAction, ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
+                        PGOOptions::IRUse, CSAction, llvm::ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
                         CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling);
   } else if (!CodeGenOpts.SampleProfileFile.empty())
     // -fprofile-sample-use
     PGOOpt = PGOOptions(
         CodeGenOpts.SampleProfileFile, "", CodeGenOpts.ProfileRemappingFile,
         CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS, PGOOptions::SampleUse,
-        PGOOptions::NoCSAction, ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
+        PGOOptions::NoCSAction, llvm::ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
         CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling, CodeGenOpts.PseudoProbeForProfiling);
   else if (!CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath.empty())
     // -fmemory-profile-use (without any of the above options)
-    PGOOpt = PGOOptions("", "", "", CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS,
-                        PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
-                        ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling);
+    PGOOpt =
+        PGOOptions("", "", "", CodeGenOpts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS,
+                   PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
+                   llvm::ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling);
   else if (CodeGenOpts.PseudoProbeForProfiling)
     // -fpseudo-probe-for-profiling
-    PGOOpt =
-        PGOOptions("", "", "", /*MemoryProfile=*/"", nullptr,
-                   PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
-                   ClPGOColdFuncAttr, CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling, true);
+    PGOOpt = PGOOptions("", "", "", /*MemoryProfile=*/"", nullptr,
+                        PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
+                        llvm::ClPGOColdFuncAttr,
+                        CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling, true);
   else if (CodeGenOpts.DebugInfoForProfiling)
     // -fdebug-info-for-profiling
     PGOOpt = PGOOptions("", "", "", /*MemoryProfile=*/"", nullptr,
                         PGOOptions::NoAction, PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
-                        ClPGOColdFuncAttr, true);
+                        llvm::ClPGOColdFuncAttr, true);
 
   // Check to see if we want to generate a CS profile.
   if (CodeGenOpts.hasProfileCSIRInstr()) {
diff --git a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.cpp b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.cpp
index 1f5eb42..5493cc9 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenAction.cpp
@@ -273,8 +273,8 @@
   std::unique_ptr<llvm::ToolOutputFile> OptRecordFile =
     std::move(*OptRecordFileOrErr);
 
-  if (OptRecordFile &&
-      CodeGenOpts.getProfileUse() != CodeGenOptions::ProfileNone)
+  if (OptRecordFile && CodeGenOpts.getProfileUse() !=
+                           llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone)
     Ctx.setDiagnosticsHotnessRequested(true);
 
   if (CodeGenOpts.MisExpect) {
diff --git a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenFunction.cpp b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenFunction.cpp
index 4193f0a..30aec87 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenFunction.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenFunction.cpp
@@ -940,7 +940,8 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (CGM.getCodeGenOpts().getProfileInstr() != CodeGenOptions::ProfileNone) {
+  if (CGM.getCodeGenOpts().getProfileInstr() !=
+      llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone) {
     switch (CGM.isFunctionBlockedFromProfileInstr(Fn, Loc)) {
     case ProfileList::Skip:
       Fn->addFnAttr(llvm::Attribute::SkipProfile);
diff --git a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenModule.cpp b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenModule.cpp
index 6d2c705..264f1bd 100644
--- a/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenModule.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/CodeGen/CodeGenModule.cpp
@@ -3601,7 +3601,7 @@
   // If the profile list is empty, then instrument everything.
   if (ProfileList.isEmpty())
     return ProfileList::Allow;
-  CodeGenOptions::ProfileInstrKind Kind = getCodeGenOpts().getProfileInstr();
+  llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind Kind = getCodeGenOpts().getProfileInstr();
   // First, check the function name.
   if (auto V = ProfileList.isFunctionExcluded(Fn->getName(), Kind))
     return *V;
diff --git a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Flang.cpp b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Flang.cpp
index dcc46469..e303631 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Flang.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Flang.cpp
@@ -883,6 +883,10 @@
   // TODO: Handle interactions between -w, -pedantic, -Wall, -WOption
   Args.AddLastArg(CmdArgs, options::OPT_w);
 
+  // recognise options: fprofile-generate -fprofile-use=
+  Args.addAllArgs(
+      CmdArgs, {options::OPT_fprofile_generate, options::OPT_fprofile_use_EQ});
+
   // Forward flags for OpenMP. We don't do this if the current action is an
   // device offloading action other than OpenMP.
   if (Args.hasFlag(options::OPT_fopenmp, options::OPT_fopenmp_EQ,
diff --git a/clang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp b/clang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp
index 9c33910..11d0dc6 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp
@@ -1499,11 +1499,11 @@
   // which is available (might be one or both).
   if (PGOReader->isIRLevelProfile() || PGOReader->hasMemoryProfile()) {
     if (PGOReader->hasCSIRLevelProfile())
-      Opts.setProfileUse(CodeGenOptions::ProfileCSIRInstr);
+      Opts.setProfileUse(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileCSIRInstr);
     else
-      Opts.setProfileUse(CodeGenOptions::ProfileIRInstr);
+      Opts.setProfileUse(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileIRInstr);
   } else
-    Opts.setProfileUse(CodeGenOptions::ProfileClangInstr);
+    Opts.setProfileUse(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileClangInstr);
 }
 
 void CompilerInvocation::setDefaultPointerAuthOptions(
diff --git a/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.def b/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.def
index a697872..ae12aec 100644
--- a/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.def
+++ b/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.def
@@ -24,8 +24,15 @@
 CODEGENOPT(DebugPassManager, 1, 0) ///< Prints debug information for the new
                                    ///< pass manager.
 
+
+/// Choose profile instrumenation kind or no instrumentation.
+ENUM_CODEGENOPT(ProfileInstr, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind, 2, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone)
+/// Choose profile kind for PGO use compilation.
+ENUM_CODEGENOPT(ProfileUse, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind, 2, llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileNone)
+
 CODEGENOPT(InstrumentFunctions, 1, 0) ///< Set when -finstrument_functions is
                                       ///< enabled on the compile step.
+
 CODEGENOPT(IsPIE, 1, 0) ///< PIE level is the same as PIC Level.
 CODEGENOPT(PICLevel, 2, 0) ///< PIC level of the LLVM module.
 CODEGENOPT(PrepareForFullLTO , 1, 0) ///< Set when -flto is enabled on the
diff --git a/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h b/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h
index 61e56e5..0620367 100644
--- a/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h
+++ b/flang/include/flang/Frontend/CodeGenOptions.h
@@ -151,6 +151,44 @@
   /// OpenMP is enabled.
   using DoConcurrentMappingKind = flangomp::DoConcurrentMappingKind;
 
+  /// Name of the profile file to use as output for -fprofile-instr-generate,
+  /// -fprofile-generate, and -fcs-profile-generate.
+  std::string InstrProfileOutput;
+
+  /// Name of the profile file to use as input for -fmemory-profile-use.
+  std::string MemoryProfileUsePath;
+
+  /// Name of the profile file to use as input for -fprofile-instr-use
+  std::string ProfileInstrumentUsePath;
+
+  /// Name of the profile remapping file to apply to the profile data supplied
+  /// by -fprofile-sample-use or -fprofile-instr-use.
+  std::string ProfileRemappingFile;
+
+  /// Check if Clang profile instrumenation is on.
+  bool hasProfileClangInstr() const {
+    return getProfileInstr() == llvm::driver::ProfileClangInstr;
+  }
+
+  /// Check if IR level profile instrumentation is on.
+  bool hasProfileIRInstr() const {
+    return getProfileInstr() == llvm::driver::ProfileIRInstr;
+  }
+
+  /// Check if CS IR level profile instrumentation is on.
+  bool hasProfileCSIRInstr() const {
+    return getProfileInstr() == llvm::driver::ProfileCSIRInstr;
+  }
+  /// Check if IR level profile use is on.
+  bool hasProfileIRUse() const {
+    return getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileIRInstr ||
+           getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileCSIRInstr;
+  }
+  /// Check if CSIR profile use is on.
+  bool hasProfileCSIRUse() const {
+    return getProfileUse() == llvm::driver::ProfileCSIRInstr;
+  }
+
   // Define accessors/mutators for code generation options of enumeration type.
 #define CODEGENOPT(Name, Bits, Default)
 #define ENUM_CODEGENOPT(Name, Type, Bits, Default)                             \
diff --git a/flang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp b/flang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp
index 90a0029..0571aea 100644
--- a/flang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp
+++ b/flang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
 #include "llvm/Frontend/Debug/Options.h"
+#include "llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h"
 #include "llvm/Option/Arg.h"
 #include "llvm/Option/ArgList.h"
 #include "llvm/Option/OptTable.h"
@@ -452,6 +453,15 @@
       opts.IsPIE = 1;
   }
 
+  if (args.hasArg(clang::driver::options::OPT_fprofile_generate)) {
+    opts.setProfileInstr(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileIRInstr);
+  }
+
+  if (auto A = args.getLastArg(clang::driver::options::OPT_fprofile_use_EQ)) {
+    opts.setProfileUse(llvm::driver::ProfileInstrKind::ProfileIRInstr);
+    opts.ProfileInstrumentUsePath = A->getValue();
+  }
+
   // -mcmodel option.
   if (const llvm::opt::Arg *a =
           args.getLastArg(clang::driver::options::OPT_mcmodel_EQ)) {
diff --git a/flang/lib/Frontend/FrontendActions.cpp b/flang/lib/Frontend/FrontendActions.cpp
index 012d0fd..da8fa51 100644
--- a/flang/lib/Frontend/FrontendActions.cpp
+++ b/flang/lib/Frontend/FrontendActions.cpp
@@ -56,10 +56,12 @@
 #include "llvm/Passes/PassBuilder.h"
 #include "llvm/Passes/PassPlugin.h"
 #include "llvm/Passes/StandardInstrumentations.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfCorrelator.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/AMDGPUAddrSpace.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/FileSystem.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/PGOOptions.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Path.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/SourceMgr.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ToolOutputFile.h"
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@
 #include "llvm/TargetParser/RISCVISAInfo.h"
 #include "llvm/TargetParser/RISCVTargetParser.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/Internalize.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/InstrProfiling.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ModuleUtils.h"
 #include <memory>
 #include <system_error>
@@ -918,6 +921,29 @@
   llvm::PassInstrumentationCallbacks pic;
   llvm::PipelineTuningOptions pto;
   std::optional<llvm::PGOOptions> pgoOpt;
+
+  if (opts.hasProfileIRInstr()) {
+    // -fprofile-generate.
+    pgoOpt = llvm::PGOOptions(opts.InstrProfileOutput.empty()
+                                  ? llvm::driver::getDefaultProfileGenName()
+                                  : opts.InstrProfileOutput,
+                              "", "", opts.MemoryProfileUsePath, nullptr,
+                              llvm::PGOOptions::IRInstr,
+                              llvm::PGOOptions::NoCSAction,
+                              llvm::PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::Default, false,
+                              /*PseudoProbeForProfiling=*/false, false);
+  } else if (opts.hasProfileIRUse()) {
+    llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem> VFS =
+        llvm::vfs::getRealFileSystem();
+    // -fprofile-use.
+    auto CSAction = opts.hasProfileCSIRUse() ? llvm::PGOOptions::CSIRUse
+                                             : llvm::PGOOptions::NoCSAction;
+    pgoOpt = llvm::PGOOptions(
+        opts.ProfileInstrumentUsePath, "", opts.ProfileRemappingFile,
+        opts.MemoryProfileUsePath, VFS, llvm::PGOOptions::IRUse, CSAction,
+        llvm::PGOOptions::ColdFuncOpt::Default, false);
+  }
+
   llvm::StandardInstrumentations si(llvmModule->getContext(),
                                     opts.DebugPassManager);
   si.registerCallbacks(pic, &mam);
diff --git a/flang/test/Driver/flang-f-opts.f90 b/flang/test/Driver/flang-f-opts.f90
index 4493a51..b972b9b 100644
--- a/flang/test/Driver/flang-f-opts.f90
+++ b/flang/test/Driver/flang-f-opts.f90
@@ -8,3 +8,8 @@
 ! CHECK-LABEL: "-fc1"
 ! CHECK: -ffp-contract=off
 ! CHECK: -O3
+
+! RUN: %flang -### -S -fprofile-generate %s 2>&1 | FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-PROFILE-GENERATE-LLVM %s
+! CHECK-PROFILE-GENERATE-LLVM: "-fprofile-generate"
+! RUN: %flang -### -S -fprofile-use=%S %s 2>&1 | FileCheck -check-prefix=CHECK-PROFILE-USE-DIR %s
+! CHECK-PROFILE-USE-DIR: "-fprofile-use={{.*}}"
diff --git a/flang/test/Profile/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR.proftext b/flang/test/Profile/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR.proftext
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2650fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flang/test/Profile/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR.proftext
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# IR level Instrumentation Flag
+:ir
+_QQmain
+# Func Hash:
+146835646621254984
+# Num Counters:
+2
+# Counter Values:
+100
+1
+
+main
+# Func Hash:
+742261418966908927
+# Num Counters:
+1
+# Counter Values:
+1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/flang/test/Profile/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR_entry.proftext b/flang/test/Profile/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR_entry.proftext
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4a2a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flang/test/Profile/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR_entry.proftext
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# IR level Instrumentation Flag
+:ir
+:entry_first
+_QQmain
+# Func Hash:
+146835646621254984
+# Num Counters:
+2
+# Counter Values:
+100
+1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/flang/test/Profile/gcc-flag-compatibility.f90 b/flang/test/Profile/gcc-flag-compatibility.f90
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4490c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flang/test/Profile/gcc-flag-compatibility.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+! Tests for -fprofile-generate and -fprofile-use flag compatibility. These two
+! flags behave similarly to their GCC counterparts:
+!
+! -fprofile-generate         Generates the profile file ./default.profraw
+! -fprofile-use=<dir>/file   Uses the profile file <dir>/file
+
+! On AIX, -flto used to be required with -fprofile-generate. gcc-flag-compatibility-aix.c is used to do the testing on AIX with -flto
+! RUN: %flang %s -c -S -o - -emit-llvm -fprofile-generate | FileCheck -check-prefix=PROFILE-GEN %s
+! PROFILE-GEN: @__profc_{{_?}}main = {{(private|internal)}} global [1 x i64] zeroinitializer, section
+! PROFILE-GEN: @__profd_{{_?}}main =
+
+! Check that -fprofile-use=some/path/file.prof reads some/path/file.prof
+! This uses LLVM IR format profile.
+! RUN: rm -rf %t.dir
+! RUN: mkdir -p %t.dir/some/path
+! RUN: llvm-profdata merge %S/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR.proftext -o %t.dir/some/path/file.prof
+! RUN: %flang %s -o - -emit-llvm -S -fprofile-use=%t.dir/some/path/file.prof | FileCheck -check-prefix=PROFILE-USE-IR1 %s
+! RUN: llvm-profdata merge %S/Inputs/gcc-flag-compatibility_IR_entry.proftext -o %t.dir/some/path/file.prof
+! RUN: %flang %s -o - -emit-llvm -S -fprofile-use=%t.dir/some/path/file.prof | FileCheck -check-prefix=PROFILE-USE-IR2 %s
+! PROFILE-USE-IR1: = !{!"branch_weights", i32 100, i32 1}
+! PROFILE-USE-IR2: = !{!"branch_weights", i32 1, i32 100}
+
+program main
+  implicit none
+  integer :: i
+  integer :: X = 0
+
+  do i = 0, 99
+     X = X + i
+  end do
+
+end program main
diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h b/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h
index ee52645..82f583b 100644
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 #ifndef LLVM_FRONTEND_DRIVER_CODEGENOPTIONS_H
 #define LLVM_FRONTEND_DRIVER_CODEGENOPTIONS_H
 
+#include <string>
+
 namespace llvm {
 class Triple;
 class TargetLibraryInfoImpl;
@@ -46,9 +48,19 @@
   AMDLIBM             // AMD vector math library.
 };
 
+enum ProfileInstrKind {
+  ProfileNone,       // Profile instrumentation is turned off.
+  ProfileClangInstr, // Clang instrumentation to generate execution counts
+                     // to use with PGO.
+  ProfileIRInstr,    // IR level PGO instrumentation in LLVM.
+  ProfileCSIRInstr,  // IR level PGO context sensitive instrumentation in LLVM.
+};
+
 TargetLibraryInfoImpl *createTLII(const llvm::Triple &TargetTriple,
                                   VectorLibrary Veclib);
 
+// Default filename used for profile generation.
+std::string getDefaultProfileGenName();
 } // end namespace llvm::driver
 
 #endif
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.cpp b/llvm/lib/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.cpp
index 52080de..df88490 100644
--- a/llvm/lib/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@
 
 #include "llvm/Frontend/Driver/CodeGenOptions.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
+#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProfCorrelator.h"
 #include "llvm/TargetParser/Triple.h"
 
+namespace llvm {
+extern llvm::cl::opt<bool> DebugInfoCorrelate;
+extern llvm::cl::opt<llvm::InstrProfCorrelator::ProfCorrelatorKind>
+    ProfileCorrelate;
+} // namespace llvm
+
 namespace llvm::driver {
 
 TargetLibraryInfoImpl *createTLII(const llvm::Triple &TargetTriple,
@@ -56,4 +63,10 @@
   return TLII;
 }
 
+std::string getDefaultProfileGenName() {
+  return llvm::DebugInfoCorrelate ||
+                 llvm::ProfileCorrelate != InstrProfCorrelator::NONE
+             ? "default_%m.proflite"
+             : "default_%m.profraw";
+}
 } // namespace llvm::driver