[Sema] Fix lifetime extension for temporaries in range-based for loops in C++23 (#145164)

C++23 mandates that temporaries used in range-based for loops are
lifetime-extended
to cover the full loop. This patch adds a check for loop variables and
compiler-
generated `__range` bindings to apply the correct extension.

Includes test cases based on examples from CWG900/P2644R1.

Fixes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/109793
8 files changed
tree: 33d4bcead45d6e30ac971c046dd0334a5ec6ca2d
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. flang-rt/
  11. libc/
  12. libclc/
  13. libcxx/
  14. libcxxabi/
  15. libunwind/
  16. lld/
  17. lldb/
  18. llvm/
  19. llvm-libgcc/
  20. mlir/
  21. offload/
  22. openmp/
  23. polly/
  24. runtimes/
  25. third-party/
  26. utils/
  27. .clang-format
  28. .clang-format-ignore
  29. .clang-tidy
  30. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  31. .gitattributes
  32. .gitignore
  33. .mailmap
  34. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  35. CONTRIBUTING.md
  36. LICENSE.TXT
  37. pyproject.toml
  38. README.md
  39. SECURITY.md
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