[clang][DependencyScanning] Implementation of `CompilerInstanceWithContext` to Improve By-Name Queries (#164345)

This PR implements `CompilerInstanceWithContext` to improve by-name
dependency queries.

Cases exist where we query the dependency of different names, with
otherwise identical working directory and compile command line inputs.
In these cases, we can create one `CompilerInstance`, whose lifetime is
the same as the dependency scanning worker, and reuse the same compiler
instance to complete the queries. This way we reduce the amount of
header search we need to perform per query, since the already completed
header search results are cached in the compiler instance.

Using a microbenchmark on a prototype of this implementation, we are
seeing a scanning performance improvement of about 20%. The
microbenchmark scans a Swift file that imports everything importable.
When measuring against a set of internal project builds, the geo mean of
total build time improvement is around 1.02x to 1.04x depending on
whether the module caches are populated or not.

Part of work for rdar://136303612.