[libc][math] Add option to set a specific exponent for frexp with Inf/NaN inputs. (#112387)

In IEEE 754 and C standards, when calling `frexp` with Inf/Nan inputs,
the exponent result is unspecified. In this case, FreeBSD libc and musl
just passthrough `exp`, while glibc, FreeBSD libm set exp = 0, and MSVC
set exp = -1.

By default, LLVM libc will passthrough `exp` just as FreeBSD libc and
musl, but we also allow users to explicitly choose the return exp value
in this case for compatibility with other libc.

Notice that, gcc did generate passthrough `exp` for `frexp(NaN/Inf,
exp)`: https://godbolt.org/z/sM8fEej4E
5 files changed
tree: 0fbe2cc8dbeedbed078aa772c6586e696850d5d8
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. libc/
  11. libclc/
  12. libcxx/
  13. libcxxabi/
  14. libunwind/
  15. lld/
  16. lldb/
  17. llvm/
  18. llvm-libgcc/
  19. mlir/
  20. offload/
  21. openmp/
  22. polly/
  23. pstl/
  24. runtimes/
  25. third-party/
  26. utils/
  27. .clang-format
  28. .clang-tidy
  29. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  30. .gitattributes
  31. .gitignore
  32. .mailmap
  33. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  34. CONTRIBUTING.md
  35. LICENSE.TXT
  36. pyproject.toml
  37. README.md
  38. SECURITY.md
README.md

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