[mlir python] Add nanobind support for standalone dialects. (#117922)

This PR allows out-of-tree dialects to write Python dialect modules
using nanobind instead of pybind11.

It may make sense to migrate in-tree dialects and some of the ODS Python
infrastructure to nanobind, but that is a topic for a future change.

This PR makes the following changes:
* adds nanobind to the CMake and Bazel build systems. We also add
robin_map to the Bazel build, which is a dependency of nanobind.
* adds a PYTHON_BINDING_LIBRARY option to various CMake functions, such
as declare_mlir_python_extension, allowing users to select a Python
binding library.
* creates a fork of mlir/include/mlir/Bindings/Python/PybindAdaptors.h
named NanobindAdaptors.h. This plays the same role, using nanobind
instead of pybind11.
* splits CollectDiagnosticsToStringScope out of PybindAdaptors.h and
into a new header mlir/include/mlir/Bindings/Python/Diagnostics.h, since
it is code that is no way related to pybind11 or for that matter,
Python.
* changed the standalone Python extension example to have both pybind11
and nanobind variants.
* changed mlir/python/mlir/dialects/python_test.py to have both pybind11
and nanobind variants.

Notes:
* A slightly unfortunate thing that I needed to do in the CMake
integration was to use FindPython in addition to FindPython3, since
nanobind's CMake integration expects the Python_ names for variables.
Perhaps there's a better way to do this.