[Clang][Sema] Allow elaborated-type-specifiers that declare member class template explict specializations (#78720)

According to [[dcl.type.elab]
p2](http://eel.is/c++draft/dcl.type.elab#2):
> If an
[elaborated-type-specifier](http://eel.is/c++draft/dcl.type.elab#nt:elaborated-type-specifier)
is the sole constituent of a declaration, the declaration is ill-formed
unless it is an explicit specialization, an explicit instantiation or it
has one of the following forms [...]

Consider the following:
```cpp
template<typename T>
struct A 
{
    template<typename U>
    struct B;
};

template<>
template<typename U>
struct A<int>::B; // #1
```
The _elaborated-type-specifier_ at `#1` declares an explicit
specialization (which is itself a template). We currently (incorrectly)
reject this, and this PR fixes that.

I moved the point at which _elaborated-type-specifiers_ with
_nested-name-specifiers_ are diagnosed from `ParsedFreeStandingDeclSpec`
to `ActOnTag` for two reasons: `ActOnTag` isn't called for explicit
instantiations and partial/explicit specializations, and because it's
where we determine if a member specialization is being declared.

With respect to diagnostics, I am currently issuing the diagnostic
without marking the declaration as invalid or returning early, which
results in more diagnostics that I think is necessary. I would like
feedback regarding what the "correct" behavior should be here.
12 files changed
tree: ef03372bb5f05229af5483962beefc6b2daaac07
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. libc/
  11. libclc/
  12. libcxx/
  13. libcxxabi/
  14. libunwind/
  15. lld/
  16. lldb/
  17. llvm/
  18. llvm-libgcc/
  19. mlir/
  20. openmp/
  21. polly/
  22. pstl/
  23. runtimes/
  24. third-party/
  25. utils/
  26. .arcconfig
  27. .arclint
  28. .clang-format
  29. .clang-tidy
  30. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  31. .gitattributes
  32. .gitignore
  33. .mailmap
  34. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  35. CONTRIBUTING.md
  36. LICENSE.TXT
  37. README.md
  38. SECURITY.md
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