[Offload] Introduce offload-tblgen and initial new API implementation (#108413)

Introduce `offload-tblgen` and an initial implementation of a subset of
the new API. The tablegen files are intended to be the single source of
truth for the new API, with the header files, documentation, and others
bits of source all automatically generated.

**TODO** (based on review feedback so far):
- [x] Check in the generated headers
- [x] Add an `offload-generate` target to trigger the generation rather
than building them every time
- [x] Decide how error handling should work
  - [x] Finish up new error handling implementation 
- [x] Decide naming convention
- [x] Add testing for the new API
- [x] Add tablegen specific testing
- [x] clang-tidy and use llvm:: types when possible
- [x] Add optional code location arguments
- [x] Avoid multiple returns from one function

### offload-tblgen

See the included
[README](https://github.com/callumfare/llvm-project/blob/d80db06491d85444bb6f7e59d8068a22cef3a6b4/offload/new-api/API/README.md)
for more information on how the API definition and generation works. I'm
happy to answer any questions about it and plan to walk through it in a
future LLVM Offload call.

It should be noted that struct definitions have not been fully
implemented/tested as they aren't used by the initial API definitions,
but finishing that off in the future shouldn't be too much work.

The tablegen tooling has been designed to be easily extended with new
backends, using the classes in `RecordTypes.hpp` to abstract over the
tablegen records.

### New API

Previous discussions at the LLVM/Offload meeting have brought up the
need for a new API for exposing the functionality of the plugins. This
change introduces a very small subset of a new API, which is primarily
for testing the offload tooling and demonstrating how a new API can fit
into the existing code base without being too disruptive. Exact designs
for these entry points and future additions can be worked out over time.

The new API does however introduce the bare minimum functionality to
implement device discovery for Unified Runtime and SYCL. This means that
the `urinfo` and `sycl-ls` tools can be used on top of Offload. A
(rough) implementation of a Unified Runtime adapter (aka plugin) for
Offload is available
[here](https://github.com/callumfare/unified-runtime/tree/offload_adapter).
Our intention is to maintain this and use it to implement and test
Offload API changes with SYCL.

### Demoing the new API

```sh
$ git clone -b offload_adapter https://github.com/callumfare/unified-runtime.git
$ cd unified-runtime
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
$ cmake .. -GNinja -DUR_BUILD_ADAPTER_OFFLOAD=ON \
    -DUR_OFFLOAD_INSTALL_DIR=<offload build dir containing liboffload_new.so> \
    -DUR_OFFLOAD_INCLUDE_DIR=<offload build dir containing 'offload' headers directory>
$ ninja urinfo
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<offload build dir containing offload plugin libraries>
$ UR_ADAPTERS_FORCE_LOAD=$PWD/lib/libur_adapter_offload.so ./bin/urinfo
[cuda:gpu][cuda:0] CUDA, NVIDIA GeForce GT 1030  [12030]
# Demo with tracing
$ OFFLOAD_TRACE=1 UR_ADAPTERS_FORCE_LOAD=$PWD/lib/libur_adapter_offload.so ./bin/urinfo
---> offloadPlatformGet(.NumEntries = 0, .phPlatforms = {}, .pNumPlatforms = 0x7ffd05e4d6e0 (2))-> OFFLOAD_RESULT_SUCCESS
---> offloadPlatformGet(.NumEntries = 2, .phPlatforms = {0x564bf4040220, 0x564bf4040240}, .pNumPlatforms = nullptr)-> OFFLOAD_RESULT_SUCCESS
...
```


### Open questions and future work
* The new API is implemented in a separate library
(`liboffload_new.so`). It could just as easily be part of the existing
`libomptarget` library - I have no strong feelings on which is better.
* Only some of the available device info is exposed, and not all the
possible device queries needed for SYCL are implemented by the plugins.
A sensible next step would be to refactor and extend the existing device
info queries in the plugins. The existing info queries are all strings,
but the new API introduces the ability to return any arbitrary type.
* It may be sensible at some point for the plugins to implement the new
API directly, and the higher level code on top of it could be made
generic, but this is more of a long-term possibility.