[Clang] [MinGW] Handle `-nolibc` argument (#182062)

This implementation differs from GCC, but arguably more in line with
Unix systems, because it stops linking of default Win32 system
libraries.

On GCC it works like this:
```
❯ /ucrt64/bin/gcc -### /dev/null -nolibc 2>&1 | tr ' ' '\n' | rg '^\-l' | sort -u
-lgcc
-lgcc_eh
-lkernel32
-lmingw32
-lmingwex
-lmsvcrt

❯ /ucrt64/bin/gcc -### /dev/null 2>&1 | tr ' ' '\n' | rg '^\-l' | sort -u
-ladvapi32
-lgcc
-lgcc_eh
-lkernel32
-lmingw32
-lmingwex
-lmsvcrt
-lpthread
-lshell32
-luser32
```
Clang with this PR:
```
❯ ./bin/clang -### /dev/null -nolibc 2>&1 | tr ' ' '\n' | rg '^"\-l' | sort -u
"-lgcc"
"-lgcc_eh"
```

The motivation for supporting this argument comes from Rust, which wants
to control what is linked, but still utilize compiler builtins. With GCC
that is done by supplying `-nodefaultlibs` and `-lgcc`, but LLVM's
compiler-rt cannot be added back as easily.
`-nolibc --unwindlib=none` that skips Win32 libs would give the parity
with GCC's `-nodefaultlibs -lgcc`.