[WebAssembly] Remove threwValue comparison after __wasm_setjmp_test (#86633)

Currently the code thinks a `longjmp` occurred if both `__THREW__` and
`__threwValue` are nonzero. But `__threwValue` can be 0, and the
`longjmp` library function should change it to 1 in case it is 0:
https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/program/longjmp

Emscripten libraries were not consistent about that, but after
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/21493 and
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/21502, we correctly
pass 1 in case the input is 0. So there will be no case `__threwValue`
is 0. And regardless of what `longjmp` library function does, treating
`longjmp`'s 0 input to its second argument as "not longjmping" doesn't
seem right.

I'm not sure where that `__threwValue` checking came from, but probably
I was porting then fastcomp's implementation and moved this part just
verbatim:
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten-fastcomp/blob/9bdc7bb4fc595fe05a021b06fe350e8494a741a1/lib/Target/JSBackend/CallHandlers.h#L274-L278

Just for the context, how this was discovered:
https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/pull/21502#pullrequestreview-1942160300
3 files changed
tree: 62a4228737aa16e0a53d6f3ccbd8c2c760564944
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. libc/
  11. libclc/
  12. libcxx/
  13. libcxxabi/
  14. libunwind/
  15. lld/
  16. lldb/
  17. llvm/
  18. llvm-libgcc/
  19. mlir/
  20. openmp/
  21. polly/
  22. pstl/
  23. runtimes/
  24. third-party/
  25. utils/
  26. .clang-format
  27. .clang-tidy
  28. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  29. .gitattributes
  30. .gitignore
  31. .mailmap
  32. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  33. CONTRIBUTING.md
  34. LICENSE.TXT
  35. pyproject.toml
  36. README.md
  37. SECURITY.md
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