[libc++] Add basic constant folding for std::format (#107197)

```
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark                                        old            new
-------------------------------------------------------------------
BM_format_string<char>/1                     42.1 ns        7.67 ns
BM_format_string<char>/2                     22.3 ns        3.84 ns
BM_format_string<char>/4                     10.6 ns        1.92 ns
BM_format_string<char>/8                     5.31 ns       0.815 ns
BM_format_string<char>/16                    2.79 ns       0.480 ns
BM_format_string<char>/32                    1.63 ns       0.550 ns
BM_format_string<char>/64                   0.782 ns       0.276 ns
BM_format_string<char>/128                  0.397 ns       0.145 ns
BM_format_string<char>/256                  0.211 ns       0.066 ns
BM_format_string<char>/512                  0.154 ns       0.035 ns
BM_format_string<char>/1024                 0.146 ns       0.021 ns
BM_format_string<char>/2048                 0.125 ns       0.033 ns
BM_format_string<char>/4096                 0.097 ns       0.016 ns
BM_format_string<char>/8192                 0.077 ns       0.012 ns
BM_format_string<char>/16384                0.066 ns       0.010 ns
BM_format_string<char>/32768                0.062 ns       0.016 ns
BM_format_string<char>/65536                0.062 ns       0.016 ns
BM_format_string<char>/131072               0.443 ns       0.015 ns
BM_format_string<char>/262144               0.629 ns       0.017 ns
BM_format_string<char>/524288               0.715 ns       0.020 ns
BM_format_string<char>/1048576              0.757 ns       0.020 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/1                  38.8 ns        34.0 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/2                  19.4 ns        16.9 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/4                  9.88 ns        8.45 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/8                  6.30 ns        6.47 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/16                 3.11 ns        3.21 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/32                 1.60 ns        1.63 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/64                0.899 ns       0.925 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/128               0.676 ns       0.693 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/256               0.658 ns       0.685 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/512               0.556 ns       0.531 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/1024              0.428 ns       0.402 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/2048              0.328 ns       0.319 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/4096              0.276 ns       0.274 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/8192              0.252 ns       0.251 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/16384             0.248 ns       0.246 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/32768             0.229 ns       0.232 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/65536             0.248 ns       0.246 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/131072            0.250 ns       0.240 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/262144             3.03 ns        3.03 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/524288             3.14 ns        3.15 ns
BM_format_string<wchar_t>/1048576            3.60 ns        3.61 ns
BM_string_without_formatting<char>           32.2 ns       0.470 ns
BM_string_without_formatting<wchar_t>        38.8 ns        10.2 ns
```
2 files changed
tree: 4800e0f4824ba86873e4d1ce91ce693bc9099747
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. flang-rt/
  11. libc/
  12. libclc/
  13. libcxx/
  14. libcxxabi/
  15. libunwind/
  16. lld/
  17. lldb/
  18. llvm/
  19. llvm-libgcc/
  20. mlir/
  21. offload/
  22. openmp/
  23. polly/
  24. pstl/
  25. runtimes/
  26. third-party/
  27. utils/
  28. .clang-format
  29. .clang-format-ignore
  30. .clang-tidy
  31. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  32. .gitattributes
  33. .gitignore
  34. .mailmap
  35. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  36. CONTRIBUTING.md
  37. LICENSE.TXT
  38. pyproject.toml
  39. README.md
  40. SECURITY.md
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