[llvm] use 64-bit types for result of getDwarfRegNum (NFC) (#109494)

The register encoding used by NVPTX and cuda-gdb basically use strings
encoded as numbers. They are always within 64-bits, but typically
outside of 32-bits, since they often need at least 5 characters.

This patch changes the signature of `MCRegisterInfo::getDwarfRegNum` and
some related data structures to use 64-bit numbers to accommodate
encodings like this.

Additionally, `MCRegisterInfo::getDwarfRegNum` is marked as virtual, so
that targets with peculiar dwarf register mapping schemes (such as
NVPTX) can override its behavior.

I originally tried to do a broader switch to 64-bit types for registers,
but it caused many problems. There are various places in code generation
where registers are not just treated as 32-bit numbers, but also treat
certain bit offsets as flags. So I limited the change as much as
possible to just the output of `getDwarfRegNum`. Keeping the types used
by `DwarfLLVMRegPair` as unsigned preserves the current behaviors. The
only way to give a 64-bit output from `getDwarfRegNum` that actually
needs more than 32-bits is to override `getDwarfRegNum` and provide an
implementation that sidesteps the use of the `DwarfLLVMRegPair` maps
defined in tablegen files.

First layer of stack supporting:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/109495