[mlir][memref] Transpose: allow affine map layouts in result, extend folder (#76294)

Currently, the `memref.transpose` verifier forces the result type of the
Op to have an explicit `StridedLayoutAttr` via the method
`inferTransposeResultType`. This means that the example Op
given in the documentation is actually invalid because it uses an `AffineMap`
to specify the layout.
It also means that we can't "un-transpose" a transposed memref back to
the implicit layout form, because the verifier will always enforce the
explicit strided layout.

This patch makes the following changes:

1. The verifier checks whether the canonicalized strided layout of the
result Type is identitcal to the canonicalized infered result type
layout. This way, it's only important that the two Types have the same
strided layout, not necessarily the same representation of it.
2. The folder is extended to support folding away the trivial case of
identity permutation and to fold one transposition into another by
composing the permutation maps.