mlir/include/mlir/IR/Dialect.h

//===- Dialect.h - IR Dialect Description -----------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines the 'dialect' abstraction.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef MLIR_IR_DIALECT_H
#define MLIR_IR_DIALECT_H

#include "mlir/IR/OperationSupport.h"
#include "mlir/Support/TypeID.h"

#include <map>
#include <tuple>

namespace mlir {
class DialectAsmParser;
class DialectAsmPrinter;
class DialectInterface;
class OpBuilder;
class Type;

using DialectAllocatorFunction = std::function<Dialect *(MLIRContext *)>;
using DialectAllocatorFunctionRef = function_ref<Dialect *(MLIRContext *)>;
using DialectInterfaceAllocatorFunction =
    std::function<std::unique_ptr<DialectInterface>(Dialect *)>;
using ObjectInterfaceAllocatorFunction = std::function<void(MLIRContext *)>;

/// Dialects are groups of MLIR operations, types and attributes, as well as
/// behavior associated with the entire group.  For example, hooks into other
/// systems for constant folding, interfaces, default named types for asm
/// printing, etc.
///
/// Instances of the dialect object are loaded in a specific MLIRContext.
///
class Dialect {
public:
  /// Type for a callback provided by the dialect to parse a custom operation.
  /// This is used for the dialect to provide an alternative way to parse custom
  /// operations, including unregistered ones.
  using ParseOpHook =
      function_ref<ParseResult(OpAsmParser &parser, OperationState &result)>;

  virtual ~Dialect();

  /// Utility function that returns if the given string is a valid dialect
  /// namespace.
  static bool isValidNamespace(StringRef str);

  MLIRContext *getContext() const { return context; }

  StringRef getNamespace() const { return name; }

  /// Returns the unique identifier that corresponds to this dialect.
  TypeID getTypeID() const { return dialectID; }

  /// Returns true if this dialect allows for unregistered operations, i.e.
  /// operations prefixed with the dialect namespace but not registered with
  /// addOperation.
  bool allowsUnknownOperations() const { return unknownOpsAllowed; }

  /// Return true if this dialect allows for unregistered types, i.e., types
  /// prefixed with the dialect namespace but not registered with addType.
  /// These are represented with OpaqueType.
  bool allowsUnknownTypes() const { return unknownTypesAllowed; }

  /// Register dialect-wide canonicalization patterns. This method should only
  /// be used to register canonicalization patterns that do not conceptually
  /// belong to any single operation in the dialect. (In that case, use the op's
  /// canonicalizer.) E.g., canonicalization patterns for op interfaces should
  /// be registered here.
  virtual void getCanonicalizationPatterns(RewritePatternSet &results) const {}

  /// Registered hook to materialize a single constant operation from a given
  /// attribute value with the desired resultant type. This method should use
  /// the provided builder to create the operation without changing the
  /// insertion position. The generated operation is expected to be constant
  /// like, i.e. single result, zero operands, non side-effecting, etc. On
  /// success, this hook should return the value generated to represent the
  /// constant value. Otherwise, it should return null on failure.
  virtual Operation *materializeConstant(OpBuilder &builder, Attribute value,
                                         Type type, Location loc) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  // Parsing Hooks
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  /// Parse an attribute registered to this dialect. If 'type' is nonnull, it
  /// refers to the expected type of the attribute.
  virtual Attribute parseAttribute(DialectAsmParser &parser, Type type) const;

  /// Print an attribute registered to this dialect. Note: The type of the
  /// attribute need not be printed by this method as it is always printed by
  /// the caller.
  virtual void printAttribute(Attribute, DialectAsmPrinter &) const {
    llvm_unreachable("dialect has no registered attribute printing hook");
  }

  /// Parse a type registered to this dialect.
  virtual Type parseType(DialectAsmParser &parser) const;

  /// Print a type registered to this dialect.
  virtual void printType(Type, DialectAsmPrinter &) const {
    llvm_unreachable("dialect has no registered type printing hook");
  }

  /// Return the hook to parse an operation registered to this dialect, if any.
  /// By default this will lookup for registered operations and return the
  /// `parse()` method registered on the RegisteredOperationName. Dialects can
  /// override this behavior and handle unregistered operations as well.
  virtual Optional<ParseOpHook> getParseOperationHook(StringRef opName) const;

  /// Print an operation registered to this dialect.
  /// This hook is invoked for registered operation which don't override the
  /// `print()` method to define their own custom assembly.
  virtual llvm::unique_function<void(Operation *, OpAsmPrinter &printer)>
  getOperationPrinter(Operation *op) const;

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  // Verification Hooks
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  /// Verify an attribute from this dialect on the argument at 'argIndex' for
  /// the region at 'regionIndex' on the given operation. Returns failure if
  /// the verification failed, success otherwise. This hook may optionally be
  /// invoked from any operation containing a region.
  virtual LogicalResult verifyRegionArgAttribute(Operation *,
                                                 unsigned regionIndex,
                                                 unsigned argIndex,
                                                 NamedAttribute);

  /// Verify an attribute from this dialect on the result at 'resultIndex' for
  /// the region at 'regionIndex' on the given operation. Returns failure if
  /// the verification failed, success otherwise. This hook may optionally be
  /// invoked from any operation containing a region.
  virtual LogicalResult verifyRegionResultAttribute(Operation *,
                                                    unsigned regionIndex,
                                                    unsigned resultIndex,
                                                    NamedAttribute);

  /// Verify an attribute from this dialect on the given operation. Returns
  /// failure if the verification failed, success otherwise.
  virtual LogicalResult verifyOperationAttribute(Operation *, NamedAttribute) {
    return success();
  }

  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
  // Interfaces
  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//

  /// Lookup an interface for the given ID if one is registered, otherwise
  /// nullptr.
  const DialectInterface *getRegisteredInterface(TypeID interfaceID) {
    auto it = registeredInterfaces.find(interfaceID);
    return it != registeredInterfaces.end() ? it->getSecond().get() : nullptr;
  }
  template <typename InterfaceT> const InterfaceT *getRegisteredInterface() {
    return static_cast<const InterfaceT *>(
        getRegisteredInterface(InterfaceT::getInterfaceID()));
  }

  /// Lookup an op interface for the given ID if one is registered, otherwise
  /// nullptr.
  virtual void *getRegisteredInterfaceForOp(TypeID interfaceID,
                                            OperationName opName) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  template <typename InterfaceT>
  typename InterfaceT::Concept *
  getRegisteredInterfaceForOp(OperationName opName) {
    return static_cast<typename InterfaceT::Concept *>(
        getRegisteredInterfaceForOp(InterfaceT::getInterfaceID(), opName));
  }

protected:
  /// The constructor takes a unique namespace for this dialect as well as the
  /// context to bind to.
  /// Note: The namespace must not contain '.' characters.
  /// Note: All operations belonging to this dialect must have names starting
  ///       with the namespace followed by '.'.
  /// Example:
  ///       - "tf" for the TensorFlow ops like "tf.add".
  Dialect(StringRef name, MLIRContext *context, TypeID id);

  /// This method is used by derived classes to add their operations to the set.
  ///
  template <typename... Args> void addOperations() {
    (void)std::initializer_list<int>{
        0, (RegisteredOperationName::insert<Args>(*this), 0)...};
  }

  /// Register a set of type classes with this dialect.
  template <typename... Args> void addTypes() {
    (void)std::initializer_list<int>{0, (addType<Args>(), 0)...};
  }

  /// Register a type instance with this dialect.
  /// The use of this method is in general discouraged in favor of
  /// 'addTypes<CustomType>()'.
  void addType(TypeID typeID, AbstractType &&typeInfo);

  /// Register a set of attribute classes with this dialect.
  template <typename... Args> void addAttributes() {
    (void)std::initializer_list<int>{0, (addAttribute<Args>(), 0)...};
  }

  /// Enable support for unregistered operations.
  void allowUnknownOperations(bool allow = true) { unknownOpsAllowed = allow; }

  /// Enable support for unregistered types.
  void allowUnknownTypes(bool allow = true) { unknownTypesAllowed = allow; }

  /// Register a dialect interface with this dialect instance.
  void addInterface(std::unique_ptr<DialectInterface> interface);

  /// Register a set of dialect interfaces with this dialect instance.
  template <typename... Args> void addInterfaces() {
    (void)std::initializer_list<int>{
        0, (addInterface(std::make_unique<Args>(this)), 0)...};
  }

private:
  Dialect(const Dialect &) = delete;
  void operator=(Dialect &) = delete;

  /// Register an attribute instance with this dialect.
  template <typename T> void addAttribute() {
    // Add this attribute to the dialect and register it with the uniquer.
    addAttribute(T::getTypeID(), AbstractAttribute::get<T>(*this));
    detail::AttributeUniquer::registerAttribute<T>(context);
  }
  void addAttribute(TypeID typeID, AbstractAttribute &&attrInfo);

  /// Register a type instance with this dialect.
  template <typename T> void addType() {
    // Add this type to the dialect and register it with the uniquer.
    addType(T::getTypeID(), AbstractType::get<T>(*this));
    detail::TypeUniquer::registerType<T>(context);
  }

  /// The namespace of this dialect.
  StringRef name;

  /// The unique identifier of the derived Op class, this is used in the context
  /// to allow registering multiple times the same dialect.
  TypeID dialectID;

  /// This is the context that owns this Dialect object.
  MLIRContext *context;

  /// Flag that specifies whether this dialect supports unregistered operations,
  /// i.e. operations prefixed with the dialect namespace but not registered
  /// with addOperation.
  bool unknownOpsAllowed = false;

  /// Flag that specifies whether this dialect allows unregistered types, i.e.
  /// types prefixed with the dialect namespace but not registered with addType.
  /// These types are represented with OpaqueType.
  bool unknownTypesAllowed = false;

  /// A collection of registered dialect interfaces.
  DenseMap<TypeID, std::unique_ptr<DialectInterface>> registeredInterfaces;

  friend class DialectRegistry;
  friend void registerDialect();
  friend class MLIRContext;
};

/// The DialectRegistry maps a dialect namespace to a constructor for the
/// matching dialect.
/// This allows for decoupling the list of dialects "available" from the
/// dialects loaded in the Context. The parser in particular will lazily load
/// dialects in the Context as operations are encountered.
class DialectRegistry {
  /// Lists of interfaces that need to be registered when the dialect is loaded.
  struct DelayedInterfaces {
    /// Dialect interfaces.
    SmallVector<std::pair<TypeID, DialectInterfaceAllocatorFunction>, 2>
        dialectInterfaces;
    /// Attribute/Operation/Type interfaces.
    SmallVector<std::tuple<TypeID, TypeID, ObjectInterfaceAllocatorFunction>, 2>
        objectInterfaces;
  };

  using MapTy =
      std::map<std::string, std::pair<TypeID, DialectAllocatorFunction>>;
  using InterfaceMapTy = DenseMap<TypeID, DelayedInterfaces>;

public:
  explicit DialectRegistry();

  template <typename ConcreteDialect> void insert() {
    insert(TypeID::get<ConcreteDialect>(),
           ConcreteDialect::getDialectNamespace(),
           static_cast<DialectAllocatorFunction>(([](MLIRContext *ctx) {
             // Just allocate the dialect, the context
             // takes ownership of it.
             return ctx->getOrLoadDialect<ConcreteDialect>();
           })));
  }

  template <typename ConcreteDialect, typename OtherDialect,
            typename... MoreDialects>
  void insert() {
    insert<ConcreteDialect>();
    insert<OtherDialect, MoreDialects...>();
  }

  /// Add a new dialect constructor to the registry. The constructor must be
  /// calling MLIRContext::getOrLoadDialect in order for the context to take
  /// ownership of the dialect and for delayed interface registration to happen.
  void insert(TypeID typeID, StringRef name, DialectAllocatorFunction ctor);

  /// Return an allocation function for constructing the dialect identified by
  /// its namespace, or nullptr if the namespace is not in this registry.
  DialectAllocatorFunctionRef getDialectAllocator(StringRef name) const;

  // Register all dialects available in the current registry with the registry
  // in the provided context.
  void appendTo(DialectRegistry &destination) const {
    for (const auto &nameAndRegistrationIt : registry)
      destination.insert(nameAndRegistrationIt.second.first,
                         nameAndRegistrationIt.first,
                         nameAndRegistrationIt.second.second);
    destination.interfaces.insert(interfaces.begin(), interfaces.end());
  }

  /// Return the names of dialects known to this registry.
  auto getDialectNames() const {
    return llvm::map_range(
        registry,
        [](const MapTy::value_type &item) -> StringRef { return item.first; });
  }

  /// Add an interface constructed with the given allocation function to the
  /// dialect provided as template parameter. The dialect must be present in
  /// the registry.
  template <typename DialectTy>
  void addDialectInterface(TypeID interfaceTypeID,
                           DialectInterfaceAllocatorFunction allocator) {
    addDialectInterface(DialectTy::getDialectNamespace(), interfaceTypeID,
                        allocator);
  }

  /// Add an interface to the dialect, both provided as template parameter. The
  /// dialect must be present in the registry.
  template <typename DialectTy, typename InterfaceTy>
  void addDialectInterface() {
    addDialectInterface<DialectTy>(
        InterfaceTy::getInterfaceID(), [](Dialect *dialect) {
          return std::make_unique<InterfaceTy>(dialect);
        });
  }

  /// Add an external op interface model for an op that belongs to a dialect,
  /// both provided as template parameters. The dialect must be present in the
  /// registry.
  template <typename OpTy, typename ModelTy> void addOpInterface() {
    StringRef opName = OpTy::getOperationName();
    StringRef dialectName = opName.split('.').first;
    addObjectInterface(dialectName, TypeID::get<OpTy>(),
                       ModelTy::Interface::getInterfaceID(),
                       [](MLIRContext *context) {
                         OpTy::template attachInterface<ModelTy>(*context);
                       });
  }

  /// Add an external attribute interface model for an attribute type `AttrTy`
  /// that is going to belong to `DialectTy`. The dialect must be present in the
  /// registry.
  template <typename DialectTy, typename AttrTy, typename ModelTy>
  void addAttrInterface() {
    addStorageUserInterface<AttrTy, ModelTy>(DialectTy::getDialectNamespace());
  }

  /// Add an external type interface model for an type class `TypeTy` that is
  /// going to belong to `DialectTy`. The dialect must be present in the
  /// registry.
  template <typename DialectTy, typename TypeTy, typename ModelTy>
  void addTypeInterface() {
    addStorageUserInterface<TypeTy, ModelTy>(DialectTy::getDialectNamespace());
  }

  /// Register any interfaces required for the given dialect (based on its
  /// TypeID). Users are not expected to call this directly.
  void registerDelayedInterfaces(Dialect *dialect) const;

private:
  /// Add an interface constructed with the given allocation function to the
  /// dialect identified by its namespace.
  void addDialectInterface(StringRef dialectName, TypeID interfaceTypeID,
                           DialectInterfaceAllocatorFunction allocator);

  /// Add an attribute/operation/type interface constructible with the given
  /// allocation function to the dialect identified by its namespace.
  void addObjectInterface(StringRef dialectName, TypeID objectID,
                          TypeID interfaceTypeID,
                          ObjectInterfaceAllocatorFunction allocator);

  /// Add an external model for an attribute/type interface to the dialect
  /// identified by its namespace.
  template <typename ObjectTy, typename ModelTy>
  void addStorageUserInterface(StringRef dialectName) {
    addObjectInterface(dialectName, TypeID::get<ObjectTy>(),
                       ModelTy::Interface::getInterfaceID(),
                       [](MLIRContext *context) {
                         ObjectTy::template attachInterface<ModelTy>(*context);
                       });
  }

  MapTy registry;
  InterfaceMapTy interfaces;
};

} // namespace mlir

namespace llvm {
/// Provide isa functionality for Dialects.
template <typename T> struct isa_impl<T, ::mlir::Dialect> {
  static inline bool doit(const ::mlir::Dialect &dialect) {
    return mlir::TypeID::get<T>() == dialect.getTypeID();
  }
};
} // namespace llvm

#endif