[SPIR-V] Add InferAddrSpaces pass to the backend (#137766)

This commit enables a pass in the backend which propagates the addrspace
of the pointers down to the last use, making sure the addrspace remains
consistent, and thus stripping any addrspacecast. This is required to
lower LLVM-IR to logical SPIR-V, which does not support generic
pointers.

This is now required as HLSL emits several address spaces, and thus
addrspacecasts in some cases:

Example 1: resource access

```llvm
%handle = tail call target("spirv.VulkanBuffer", ...)
%rptr = @llvm.spv.resource.getpointer(%handle, ...);
%cptr = addrspacecast ptr addrspace(11) %rptr to ptr
%fptr = load i32, ptr %cptr
```

Example 2: object methods

```llvm
define void @objectMethod(ptr %this) {
}

define void @foo(ptr addrspace(11) %object) {
  call void @objectMethod(ptr addrspacecast(addrspace(11) %object to ptr));
}
```
5 files changed
tree: 1fd881efe3b2bdb180b963c0b74323118d5625b2
  1. .ci/
  2. .github/
  3. bolt/
  4. clang/
  5. clang-tools-extra/
  6. cmake/
  7. compiler-rt/
  8. cross-project-tests/
  9. flang/
  10. flang-rt/
  11. libc/
  12. libclc/
  13. libcxx/
  14. libcxxabi/
  15. libunwind/
  16. lld/
  17. lldb/
  18. llvm/
  19. llvm-libgcc/
  20. mlir/
  21. offload/
  22. openmp/
  23. polly/
  24. pstl/
  25. runtimes/
  26. third-party/
  27. utils/
  28. .clang-format
  29. .clang-format-ignore
  30. .clang-tidy
  31. .git-blame-ignore-revs
  32. .gitattributes
  33. .gitignore
  34. .mailmap
  35. CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
  36. CONTRIBUTING.md
  37. LICENSE.TXT
  38. pyproject.toml
  39. README.md
  40. SECURITY.md
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