[libc++] Fix broken precondition of __bit_log2 (#155476) In #135303, we started using `__bit_log2` instead of `__log2i` inside `std::sort`. However, `__bit_log2` has a precondition that `__log2i` didn't have, which is that the input is non-zero. While it technically makes no sense to request the logarithm of 0, `__log2i` handled that case and returned 0 without issues. After switching to `__bit_log2`, passing 0 as an input results in an unsigned integer overflow which can trigger `-fsanitize=unsigned-integer-overflow`. While not technically UB in itself, it's clearly not intended either. To fix this, we add an internal assertion to `__bit_log2` which catches the issue in our test suite, and we make sure not to violate `__bit_log2`'s preconditions before we call it from `std::sort`.
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